{"id":12375,"date":"2019-11-19T23:36:32","date_gmt":"2019-11-19T23:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/miao-nationality-batik-cloth-dyeing-skills-miao-zu-la-ran-ji-yi\/"},"modified":"2019-11-19T23:36:32","modified_gmt":"2019-11-19T23:36:32","slug":"miao-nationality-batik-cloth-dyeing-skills-miao-zu-la-ran-ji-yi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/miao-nationality-batik-cloth-dyeing-skills-miao-zu-la-ran-ji-yi\/","title":{"rendered":"Miao Nationality Batik Cloth Dyeing Skills \u82d7\u65cf\u8721\u67d3\u6280\u827a"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2006\u5e74
Time: 2006
\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u624b\u5de5\u6280\u827a
Category: Traditio<\/em>nal Handicraft Skills
\u5730\u533a\uff1a\u8d35\u5dde
Region: Guizhou Province
\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a\u2167—25
Ref. No.: VIII-25
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Nominating unit[s]: Danzhai County, Guizhou Province
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Batik cloth dyeing skills are traditio<\/em>nal skills that are passed on from generation to generation in Danzhai County, Anshun County and Zhijin County, Guizhou Province. It is called “laxie” in ancient times and “wutu” in Miao Language, which means “batik clothes”.
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Danzhai County, Anshun County and Zhijin County are multi-natio<\/em>nality areas with the Miao natio<\/em>nality as the majority. Living in such an isolated and tough enviro<\/em>nment for a long time, inhabitants in these areas gradually form a self-sufficient life style; the ancient batik cloth dyeing skills are thus preserved. According to the Miao natio<\/em>nality custom, all women are duty-bound to pass down the batik cloth dyeing skills and all mothers shall teach their daughters to make batik cloth. Therefore, the Miao women learn the skills in their youth. They grow indigo plant and cotton, spin and weave, paint wax and draw patterns, co<\/em>nduct dip-dyeing and cutting and hand the skills to the later generations. In such a circumstance, custom and culture of clothes and ornaments, marriage and festivals, social interaction, funerals and others with the predominance of batik cloth dyeing skills come into being in these Miao natio<\/em>nality co<\/em>ncentrated areas.
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The Miao natio<\/em>nality batik cloth dyeing is a technology created to meet the demand of the producers. Main products are daily used articles, including women’s garments, bedspreads, quilt covers, cloth wrappers, headscarves, backpacks, handbags, straps, shrouds for funeral purpose, etc.
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The Miao natio<\/em>nality batik cloth dyeing is divided into wax stippling and wax painting by skills and geometric veins and naturally formed veins by patterns. The handicraftsmen of Miao natio<\/em>nality batik cloth dyeing in Danzhai County prefer the large floral patterns mainly composed of naturally formed veins, which are vivid, simple, life-like and lively, full of exaggeration and local colors. The patterns of Miao natio<\/em>nality batik cloth in Anshun County are mainly composed of geometric veins and the patterns are characterized by loose structure and vivid shapes. The Miao natio<\/em>nality batik cloth in Zhijin County is dominated by fine white patterns, which are full of spiral geometric veins. The patterns are interlaced and well-integrated.
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The main tools used in batik cloth dyeing are copper knives (wax pencils), china bowls, basins, large needles, bone needles, cereal straw, dye vat, etc. During the fabrication, the hand-woven cloth is first soaked in lye to remove the lipid in the fiber so as to make the wax stippling and coloring easy. Then yellow wax is placed in a small china bowl, which is placed on the hot wood ashes. The yellow wax may be stippled on the cloth after it is melted down to liquid form. The stippled cloth is then soaked in warm water and placed in the fermented indigo blue dye vat for repetitive soaking. When it is sure that the cloth is properly dyed, it is taken to the riverside for rinsing to let the loose color washed away. Then the cloth is placed in a pot and boiled to have the yellow wax melted, floating on the surface and recycled. After that the batik cloth is repeatedly rinsed to have the yellow wax residue completely removed and o<\/em>nly then the fabrication is completed. For batik cloth dyeing of Danzhai County, red and yellow are painted later. The roots of madder are used to paint red while extracts of gardenia are used to paint yellow. In order to avoid fading, generally, coloring can not be co<\/em>nducted before finished batik cloth products are made. In addition to the above steps, preparation of indigo blue and fermentation of dye vat are also involved. These processes, one after another, form a complete system of mature skills and operating rules.
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With the development of science and technology and diversification of textiles, the position of batik cloth as the mainstream textile in Miao natio<\/em>nality co<\/em>ncentrated areas in Guizhou Province has been shaken. With the development of tourism, handicraft products made of batik cloth are marketed as featured tourist souvenirs, but low quality batik cloth products are made in great quantities in order to meet market demands and for the pursuit of eco<\/em>nomic benefits, which has threatened systematic inheritance of traditio<\/em>nal skills. Co<\/em>nsequently the Miao natio<\/em>nality batik cloth dyeing skills are in urgent need of appropriate protection and ratio<\/em>nal development.
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