{"id":14366,"date":"2019-12-14T21:41:29","date_gmt":"2019-12-14T21:41:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/spoken-chinese\/important-rules-of-hanyu-pinyin-2\/"},"modified":"2019-12-14T21:41:29","modified_gmt":"2019-12-14T21:41:29","slug":"important-rules-of-hanyu-pinyin-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/important-rules-of-hanyu-pinyin-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Important Rules of Hanyu Pinyin"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\tWhen you begin to study pinyin, you must learn some rules of pinyin. The following ones are the most important principles you should grasp.<\/p>\n

\t1. Standard principles:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t1.1 Words would be the basic units for spelling the Chinese Common Language.
\t\u4eba rén (person\/people)
\t\u670b\u53cb péngyou (friend[s])<\/p>\n

\t1.2 Structures of two or three syllables that indicate a complete idea are linked:
\t\u5168\u56fd quánguó (the whole nation)
\t\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77 duìbuq\u01d0 (sorry)<\/p>\n

\t1.3 Separate terms with much more than 4 syllables if they're able to be separated into words, or else link each of the syllables:
\t\u65e0\u7f1d\u94a2\u7b14 wúfèng g\u0101ngb\u01d0 (seamless pen)
\t\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662 yánji\u016bsh\u0113ngyuàn (graduate school)<\/p>\n

\t1.4 Reduplicated monosyllabic words are linked, but reduplicated disyllabic words are separated:
\t\u4eba\u4eba rénrén (everybody)
\t\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c1d\u8bd5 chángshi chángshi (give it a try)
\tJuxtaposed reduplications (AABB structures) are separated by a hyphen:
\t\u6765\u6765\u5f80\u5f80 láilái-w\u01cengw\u01ceng (come to and fro)
\t\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a q\u012bngq\u012bng-ch\u01d4ch\u01d4 (be clearly)<\/p>\n

\t1.5 In particular conditions, for that function of creating it hassle-free to read and realize the words, a hyphen might be added:
\t\u73af\u4fdd huán-b\u01ceo (environmental protection)
\t\u5341\u4e03\u516b\u5c81 shíq\u012b-b\u0101 suì (17 or 18 years old)<\/p>\n

\t2. Nouns:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t2.1 Monosyllabic prefixes and suffixes are linked with nouns. Prefixes:\u526f fù- (vice), \u603b z\u01d2ng- (general\/main\/chief), \u975e f\u0113i- (non), \u53cd f\u01cen- [anti], \u8d85ch\u0101o- (super\/surpass), \u8001 l\u01ceo – (old\/venerable), A – (marker of a nickname\/endearment), \u53efk\u011b (-ble),\u65e0 wú- (non), and so forth. Suffixes: -z\u01d0, -ér, -\u5934tóu (head, nominal ending), \u6027-xìng (nature),\u8005\/\u5458 -zh\u011b\/yuán (-ist), \u5bb6-ji\u0101 (expert\/-ist),\u624b -sh\u01d2u (hand\/person\/expert\/-ist), \u5316-huà (-ized), \u4eecmen (-s\/es), and so forth). For example:
\t\u526f\u90e8\u957f fù-bùzh\u01ceng (vice-director of a [government] department),
\t\u603b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08 z\u01d2ng-g\u014dngchéngsh\u012b (chief engineer)
\t\u827a\u672f\u5bb6 yìshùji\u0101 (artist [in general])<\/p>\n

\t2.2 Nouns along with the directional words\/locations them are separated.
\t\u95e8\u5916 mén wài (outside the door)=mén wàimian (\/wàibi\u0101n\/wàitou)
\t\u706b\u8f66\u4e0a\u9762 hu\u01d2ch\u0113 shàngmian (on the train)
\tThe syllables of lexical items are linked.
\t\u6d77\u5916 h\u01ceiwài (this means “overseas,” not “outside of the sea”)<\/p>\n

\t2.3 Surnames and given names (xìngmíng\/míngzi) are written separately in the Chinese Han language. The very first letters of surnames and the given names are capitalized. Pen names and nickname are written due to the same principles:
\t\u738b\u5efa\u56fd Wáng Jiànguó
\t\u4e1c\u65b9\u6714 D\u014dngf\u0101ng Shuò
\t\u5f20\u4e09 Zh\u0101ng S\u0101n
\tA individual name along with the person’s qualified title are separated:
\t\u738b\u90e8\u957f Wáng bùzh\u01ceng
\t\u674e\u5148\u751f L\u01d0 xi\u0101nsheng\/xs
\tThe first letter of private addresses such as L\u01ceo, Xi\u01ceo, Dà, \u0101, and so forth are capitalized.. For instance:
\t\u5c0f\u5218 Xi\u01ceo Liú (Little Liu)
\t\u5434\u8001 Wú L\u01ceo (honorable Old Wu)
\tOnce the surname of historically well-known figures is combined by using a respectful or descriptive term by which they can be frequently acknowledged, the syllables are linked, along with the very first letter is capitalized. For example:
\t\u5b54\u5b50 K\u01d2ngz\u01d0 (Confucius)
\t\u5305\u516c B\u0101og\u014dng (Grand Judge Bao)
\t\u897f\u65bd X\u012bsh\u012b (Beauty Xishi)<\/p>\n

\t2.4 Proper names and general names of places are separated and the first letter of each of the names is capitalized.
\t\u5317\u4eac\u5e02 B\u011bij\u012bng Shì (Beijing City)
\t\u6d1e\u5ead\u6e56 Dòngtíng Hú (Lake Dongting)
\tThe monosyllabic prefixes or suffixes of appropriate names and general names are linked. For instance:
\t\u666f\u5c71\u540e\u8857 J\u01d0ngsh\u0101n Hòuji\u0113 (Back Street of Jingshan)
\t\u671d\u9633\u95e8\u5185 \u5357\u5c0f\u8857Cháoyángménnèi Nánxi\u01ceoji\u0113 (Southern Small Street Inside the Gate Facing the Sun)
\tLink the syllables of established names for villages, towns, and other places when it is not necessary to distinguish whether they are suitable names or basic names (the initial letter is capitalized). For instance:
\t\u738b\u6751 Wángc\u016bn (Wang Village)
\t\u5468\u53e3\u5e97 Zh\u014duk\u01d2udiàn (a place near Beijing where the fossilized remains of Peking Man were discovered)
\t\u4e09\u6f6d\u5370\u6708 S\u0101ntányìnyuè (Moon Reflected in Three Ponds)<\/p>\n

\t2.5 Private and area names not in the Chinese Han language, depending on the principle of “according to all the customized of the people in question”, are written either in the original language or transcribed in Roman letters. For example:
\t\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766 Einstein (ài’\u012bns\u012bt\u01cen)
\t\u4f26\u6566 London (Lúnd\u016bn)
\t\u534e\u76db\u987f Washington (Huáshèngdùn)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n