{"id":17425,"date":"2019-12-30T23:34:58","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T23:34:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/history-of-education-in-china-1-zhong-guo-jiao-yu-de-li-shi-1\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T23:34:58","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T23:34:58","slug":"history-of-education-in-china-1-zhong-guo-jiao-yu-de-li-shi-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/history-of-education-in-china-1-zhong-guo-jiao-yu-de-li-shi-1\/","title":{"rendered":"History of Education in China(1)\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff081\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<p><div>Many Chinese scholars believe the history of education in China can be traced back at as far as the 16th century B.C. during the late &quot;Xia Dynasty&quot; (1523-1027 B.C.). Throughout this period of time, education was the <strong>privilege\uff08\u7279\u6743t&egrave;qu&aacute;n\uff09<\/strong> of the elites. The teachings of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (770-221 B.C.), the <strong>curriculum\uff08\u8bfe\u7a0bk&egrave;ch&eacute;ng\uff09<\/strong> were mainly based on The Four Books and The Five Classics. The Four Books and The Five Classics were the acknowledged subjects of the Confucian culture in the feudal society in ancient China. The Four Books refers to The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, Confucian Analects and The Works of Mencius. And The Five Classics includes The Book of Poetry (also known as The Book of Songs, The Book of Odes), The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals.<\/div>\n<div>\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u516c\u5143\u524d16\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u590f\u671d\u665a\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d1523\u5e74&mdash;&mdash;\u516c\u5143\u524d1027\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6574\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u7279\u6743\u3002\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d770\u5e74&mdash;&mdash;\u516c\u5143\u524d221\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5176\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e&ldquo;\u56db\u4e66\u4e94\u7ecf&rdquo;\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c&ldquo;\u56db\u4e66\u4e94\u7ecf&rdquo;\u662f\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002&ldquo;\u56db\u4e66&rdquo;\u662f\u6307\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\uff0c\u800c&ldquo;\u4e94\u7ecf&rdquo;\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u8bd7\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u793c\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6613\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u3002<\/div>\n<p>  \t<\/p>\n<div>Confucianism probably is the biggest <strong>influence\uff08\u5f71\u54cdy\u01d0ngxi\u01ceng\uff09<\/strong> in education of China throughout the entire Chinese history. Later in Han dynasty, a form of public education system was established. Not only elites from upper class families can study in school, common man can also use education as a path to become a better man, known as gentleman.<\/div>\n<div>\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u6050\u6015\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6c49\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u6d41\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6559\u80b2\u8fd9\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u7684&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50&rdquo;\u3002<\/div>\n<p>  \t<\/p>\n<div>In Confucianism, a gentleman (Chun Tzu) considers what is right, when the peasant considers what will pay. A gentleman trusts in justice and the peasant trusts in favor. A gentleman is generous and fair, when the peasant is biased and petty. A gentleman looks within for guidance and the peasant looks unto others. A gentleman is easy to serve, and hard to please. The peasant is hard to serve, and easy to please. A gentleman is to know what we know, and know what we do not know. The basic concept of gentleman in Confucianism often emphasizes the different behaviors between the gentleman and the peasant. A peasant in ancient Chinese society can be better described as today&rsquo;s common man or average citizen. As a result, not everyone can be a gentleman in ancient Chinese society. In fact, studying Confucianism itself was limited to very few people in ancient China. Most of them are from ruling and upper class families. They were the group of people in need to educate in the classics and understand morality. They needed to understand why things have to be done as they had the duty to their families, ancestors and the <strong>empire\uff08\u5e1d\u56fdd&igrave;gu&oacute;\uff09<\/strong>. Gentleman with knowledge will then carry out Chinese cultural traditions or even set rules of society for others.<\/div>\n<div>\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50\u6000\u5fb7\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u6000\u571f&rdquo;&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50\u55bb\u4e8e\u4e49\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u55bb\u4e8e\u5229&rdquo;&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50\u5766\u8361\u8361\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u957f\u621a\u621a&rdquo;&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50\u6c42\u8bf8\u5df1\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u6c42\u8bf8\u4eba&rdquo;&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50\u6613\u4e8b\u800c\u96be\u8bf4\u4e5f\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u96be\u4e8b\u800c\u6613\u8bf4\u4e5f&rdquo;&ldquo;\uff08\u541b\u5b50\uff09\u77e5\u4e4b\u4e3a\u77e5\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u662f\u77e5\u4e5f&rdquo;\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50&rdquo;\u548c&ldquo;\u5c0f\u4eba&rdquo;\u4e8c\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684&ldquo;\u5c0f\u4eba&rdquo;\u597d\u6bd4\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u6216\u666e\u901a\u5e02\u6c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50&rdquo;\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b66\u4e60\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u81ea\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u5c42\u548c\u4e0a\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7fa4\u6709\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7ecf\u5178\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u7956\u5148\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u505a\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4e4e\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5b66\u8bc6\u7684\u541b\u5b50\u4eec\u4fbf\u8d2f\u5f7b\u5b9e\u884c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8bbe\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"chine-tie-zi-nei-rong-zhi-hou\" id=\"chine-180031784\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1889418300638825\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1889418300638825\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7273022922\" \ndata-ad-layout-key=\"-gw-3+1f-3d+2z\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Many Chinese scholars believe the history of education in China can be traced back at as far as the 16th century B.C. during the late &quot;Xia Dynasty&quot; (1523-1027 B.C.). Throughout this period of time, education was the privilege\uff08\u7279\u6743t&egrave;qu&aacute;n\uff09 of the elites. The teachings of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (770-221 B.C.), the curriculum\uff08\u8bfe\u7a0bk&egrave;ch&eacute;ng\uff09 were mainly based on The Four Books and The Five Classics. The Four Books and The Five Classics were the acknowledged subjects of the Confucian culture in the feudal society in ancient China. The Four Books refers to The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, Confucian Analects and The Works of Mencius. And The Five Classics includes The Book of Poetry (also known as The Book of Songs, The Book of Odes), The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals.\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u516c\u5143\u524d16\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u590f\u671d\u665a\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d1523\u5e74&mdash;&mdash;\u516c\u5143\u524d1027\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6574\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u7279\u6743\u3002\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d770\u5e74&mdash;&mdash;\u516c\u5143\u524d221\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5176\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e&ldquo;\u56db\u4e66\u4e94\u7ecf&rdquo;\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c&ldquo;\u56db\u4e66\u4e94\u7ecf&rdquo;\u662f\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002&ldquo;\u56db\u4e66&rdquo;\u662f\u6307\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\uff0c\u800c&ldquo;\u4e94\u7ecf&rdquo;\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u8bd7\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u793c\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6613\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u3002<br \/>\n  \tConfucianism probably is the biggest influence\uff08\u5f71\u54cdy\u01d0ngxi\u01ceng\uff09 in education of China throughout the entire Chinese history. Later in Han dynasty, a form of public education system was established. Not only elites from upper class families can study in school, common man can also use education as a path to become a better man, known as gentleman.\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u6050\u6015\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6c49\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u6d41\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6559\u80b2\u8fd9\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u7684&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50&rdquo;\u3002<br \/>\n  \tIn Confucianism, a gentleman (Chun Tzu) considers what is right, when the peasant considers what will pay. A gentleman trusts in justice and the peasant trusts in favor. A gentleman is generous and fair, when the peasant is biased and petty. A gentleman looks within for guidance and the peasant looks unto others. A gentleman is easy to serve, and hard to please. The peasant is hard to serve, and easy to please. A gentleman is to know what we know, and know what we do not know. The basic concept of gentleman in Confucianism often emphasizes the different behaviors between the gentleman and the peasant. A peasant in ancient Chinese society can be better described as today&rsquo;s common man or average citizen. As a result, not everyone can be a gentleman in ancient Chinese society. In fact, studying Confucianism itself was limited to very few people in ancient China. Most of them are from ruling and upper class families. They were the group of people in need to educate in the classics and understand morality. They needed to understand why things have to be done as they had the duty to their families, ancestors and the empire\uff08\u5e1d\u56fdd&igrave;gu&oacute;\uff09. Gentleman with knowledge will then carry out Chinese cultural traditions or even set rules of society for others.\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50\u6000\u5fb7\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u6000\u571f&rdquo;&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50\u55bb\u4e8e\u4e49\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u55bb\u4e8e\u5229&rdquo;&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50\u5766\u8361\u8361\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u957f\u621a\u621a&rdquo;&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50\u6c42\u8bf8\u5df1\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u6c42\u8bf8\u4eba&rdquo;&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50\u6613\u4e8b\u800c\u96be\u8bf4\u4e5f\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u96be\u4e8b\u800c\u6613\u8bf4\u4e5f&rdquo;&ldquo;\uff08\u541b\u5b50\uff09\u77e5\u4e4b\u4e3a\u77e5\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u662f\u77e5\u4e5f&rdquo;\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50&rdquo;\u548c&ldquo;\u5c0f\u4eba&rdquo;\u4e8c\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684&ldquo;\u5c0f\u4eba&rdquo;\u597d\u6bd4\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u6216\u666e\u901a\u5e02\u6c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a&ldquo;\u541b\u5b50&rdquo;\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b66\u4e60\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u81ea\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u5c42\u548c\u4e0a\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7fa4\u6709\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7ecf\u5178\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u7956\u5148\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u505a\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4e4e\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5b66\u8bc6\u7684\u541b\u5b50\u4eec\u4fbf\u8d2f\u5f7b\u5b9e\u884c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8bbe\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,2875],"tags":[119,118,45],"class_list":["post-17425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chinese-culture","category-chinese-customs","tag-ancient-chinese","tag-culture","tag-teaching"],"views":185,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17425","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17425"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17425\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}