{"id":3486,"date":"2019-11-17T23:47:13","date_gmt":"2019-11-17T23:47:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/chu-ci-chu-ci\/"},"modified":"2019-11-17T23:47:13","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T23:47:13","slug":"chu-ci-chu-ci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/chu-ci-chu-ci\/","title":{"rendered":"Chu Ci \u695a\u8f9e"},"content":{"rendered":"
Chu Ci<\/p>\n

History
Known as Poetry of the State of Chu, Chu Ci (ch\u01d4 cí \u695a\u8f9e) was a new style of poetry emerged after The Book of So<\/em>ngs (sh\u012b j\u012bng \u8bd7\u7ecf). It sprouted and blossomed in the State of Chu (ch\u01d4 guó \u695a\u56fd) in south china in the 4th century BC.<\/p>\n

Features
As to its formation, it was influenced by folk songs, music and the folk literature of the Chu State; therefore, it was characterized by a strong local flavor. compared with the “Four–Character-Trim-Verse” (sì yán sh\u012b \u56db\u8a00\u8bd7) style in The Book of Songs, The profusion of myths and fantasies, the unusual twists of imagination, the vigorous surge of feelings and exotic use of verses in Chu Ci was a complete breakthrough, thus enlarging the co<\/em>ntent of every line of poem and enhancing the expressiveness, thereby demo<\/em>nstrating a unique romanticism that has never faded and pio<\/em>neered a new road for the development of Chinese culture.<\/p>\n

Qu Yuan and his work
Qu YuanAlthough Chu Ci is an anthology of poems by many poets, Qu Yuan (q\u016b yuán \u5c48\u539f) was doubtless its central figure and was regarded as one of the greatest patriotic poets held in the highest esteem in Chinese history. A minister in the court of King Huai of Chu (ch\u01d4 huái wáng \u695a\u6000\u738b), Qu Yuan advocated forming an alliance with the other states against the dominance of Qin (qín \u79e6). However, his advice was not taken and he was ostracized by other officials in court. Witnessing the corruption of his colleagues and the inability of his king, Qu Yuan was rather worried, so he wrote a great number of poems expressing his resentment. Afterwards, defamed by other villains, Qu Yuan was exiled to lead a vagrant life for a long time and finally drowned himself in the Miluo River (mì luó ji\u0101ng \u6c68\u7f57\u6c5f). On the Dragon Boat Festival (du\u0101n w\u01d4 jié \u7aef\u5348\u8282) every the Dragon Boat Festivelyear, Chinese people will wrap glutinous rice dumplings (b\u0101o zòng z\u01d0 \u5305\u7cbd\u5b50) and hold dragon boat race (sài lóng zh\u014du \u8d5b\u9f99\u821f) to commemorate him. His main works include On Encountering Trouble (Li Sao, lí s\u0101o \u79bb\u9a9a), Heavenly Questions (Tian Wen, ti\u0101n wèn \u5929\u95ee), Nine So<\/em>ngs (Jiu Ge, ji\u01d4 g\u0113 \u4e5d\u6b4c), etc.
On Encountering Trouble (Li Sao) is a colossal political lyric made up of over 370 lines with 2400 characters. Drawing on the technique of romanticism, the poet recounted his life, his beliefs and misfortunes, expressed his co<\/em>ncern over the fate of the Chu State and his determination to maintain his lofty aspirations. In this poem, riding on a rainbow chariot driven by dragons as white as jade (yù lóng \u7389\u9f99), guarded by the god of wind, god of sun, and god of moon, he soared to heaven in search of his ideals. Finally he was forced to leave his most beloved Chu State. Qu Yuan’s patriotism and unyielding spirit has moved and encouraged many readers down through the generations, edifying their sentiment.<\/p>\n

Other poets
The Book of Han (hàn sh\u016b \u6c49\u4e66) noted 106 Chu poets with 1,318 compositions. Many established Han poets also imitated the style of Chu Ci and produced their fair share of notable poems. After Qu Yuan, Song Yu (sòng yù \u5b8b\u7389) and Tang Le (táng lè \u5510\u52d2) also wrote exquisite works in Chu Ci style, making Chu Ci a typical genre of poetry in a certain period, which was called the “Poetry of sorrow” (s\u0101o t\u01d0 sh\u012b \u9a9a\u4f53\u8bd7).<\/p>\n

Appreciation<\/p>\n

On Encountering Trouble <\/p>\n

On Encountering Trouble (part)
   
\u79bb\u9a9a\uff08\u8282\u9009\uff09
A prince am I of ancestry renowned,
   
\u5e1d\u9ad8\u9633\u4e4b\u82d7\u88d4\u516e\uff0c
Illustrious name my royal sire hath found.
   
\u6715\u7687\u8003\u66f0\u4f2f\u5eb8\u3002
When Sirius did in spring its light display,
   
\u6444\u63d0\u8d1e\u4e8e\u5b5f\u966c\u516e\uff0c
A child was born, and Tiger marked the day.
   
\u60df\u5e9a\u5bc5\u543e\u4ee5\u964d\u3002
When first upon my face my lord’s eye glanced,
   
\u7687\u89c8\u63c6\u4f59\u521d\u5ea6\u516e\uff0c
For me auspicious names he straight advanced,
   
\u8087\u9521\u4f59\u4ee5\u5609\u540d\uff1a
Denoting that in me Heaven’s marks divine
   
\u540d\u4f59\u66f0\u6b63\u5219\u516e\uff0c
Should with the virtues of the earth combine.
   
\u5b57\u4f59\u66f0\u7075\u5747\u3002<\/p>\n

 \u695a\u8f9e<\/p>\n

     Chu Ci “\u695a\u8f9e”\u53c8\u79f0“\u695a\u8bcd”\uff0c\u662f\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u8bd7\u4eba\u5c48\u539f\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bd7\u4f53\u3002\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fd0\u7528\u695a\u5730\uff08\u4eca\u4e24\u6e56\u4e00\u5e26\uff09\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6837\u5f0f\u3001\u65b9\u8a00\u58f0\u97f5\uff0c\u53d9\u5199\u695a\u5730\u7684\u5c71\u5ddd\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u98ce\u60c5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7279\u8272\u3002\u6c49\u4ee3\u65f6\uff0c\u5218\u5411\u628a\u5c48\u539f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ca\u5b8b\u7389\u7b49\u4eba“\u627f\u88ad\u5c48\u8d4b”\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7f16\u8f91\u6210\u96c6\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u695a\u8f9e\u300b\u3002\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u7ee7\u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u8bd7\u6b4c\u603b\u96c6\u3002\u3000
      \u695a\u8f9e\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u4e49\u662f\u6307\u695a\u5730\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u9010\u6e10\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u4f53\u88c1\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u8bd7\u6b4c\u603b\u96c6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u695a\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4f53\u88c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6218\u56fd\u540e\u671f\u4ee5\u5c48\u539f\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u695a\u56fd\u6c11\u6b4c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f00\u521b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u8bd7\u4f53\u3002\u4ece\u603b\u96c6\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u897f\u6c49\u5218\u5411\u5728\u524d\u4eba\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8f91\u5f55\u7684\u4e00\u90e8“\u695a\u8f9e”\u4f53\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u603b\u96c6\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u6218\u56fd\u695a\u4eba\u5c48\u539f\u3001\u5b8b\u7389\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c49\u4ee3\u8d3e\u8c0a\u3001\u6dee\u5357\u5c0f\u5c71\u3001\u5e84\u5fcc\u3001\u4e1c\u65b9\u6714\u3001\u738b\u8912\u3001\u5218\u5411\u8bf8\u4eba\u7684\u4eff\u9a9a\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002
      “\u695a\u8f9e”\u4e4b\u540d\u9996\u89c1\u4e8e\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0 • \u5f20\u6c64\u4f20\u300b\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u81f3\u8fdf\u5728\u6c49\u4ee3\u524d\u671f\u5df2\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5176\u672c\u4e49\uff0c\u5f53\u662f\u6cdb\u6307\u695a\u5730\u7684\u6b4c\u8f9e\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e13\u79f0\uff0c\u6307\u4ee5\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u695a\u56fd\u5c48\u539f\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u65b0\u8bd7\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bd7\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5730\u57df\u6587\u5316\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5982\u5b8b\u4eba\u9ec4\u4f2f\u601d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c“\u7686\u4e66\u695a\u8bed\uff0c\u4f5c\u695a\u58f0\uff0c\u7eaa\u695a\u5730\uff0c\u540d\u695a\u7269”\uff08\u300a\u4e1c\u89c2\u4f59\u8bba\u300b\uff09\u3002\u897f\u6c49\u672b\uff0c\u5218\u5411\u8f91\u5f55\u5c48\u539f\u3001\u5b8b\u7389\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u53ca\u6c49\u4ee3\u4eba\u6a21\u4eff\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bd7\u4f53\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e66\u540d\u5373\u9898\u4f5c\u300a\u695a\u8f9e\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u53c8\u4e00\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u603b\u96c6\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5c48\u539f\u7684\u300a\u79bb\u9a9a\u300b\u662f\u695a\u8f9e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u695a\u8f9e\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u9a9a”\u6216“\u9a9a\u4f53”\u3002\u6c49\u4ee3\u4eba\u8fd8\u666e\u904d\u628a\u695a\u8f9e\u79f0\u4e3a“\u8d4b”\u3002\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u5df2\u8bf4\u5c48\u539f“\u4f5c\u300a\u6000\u6c99\u300b\u4e4b\u8d4b”\u300a\u6c49\u4e66 • \u827a\u6587\u5fd7\u300b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5217\u6709“\u5c48\u539f\u8d4b”\u3001“\u5b8b\u7389\u8d4b”\u7b49\u540d\u76ee\u3002
      \u5728\u6c49\u4ee3\uff0c\u695a\u8f9e\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f9e\u6216\u8f9e\u8d4b\u3002\u897f\u6c49\u672b\u5e74\uff0c\u5218\u5411\u5c06\u5c48\u539f\u3001\u5b8b\u7389\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c49\u4ee3\u6dee\u5357\u5c0f\u5c71\u3001\u4e1c\u65b9\u6714\u3001\u738b\u8912\u3001\u5218\u5411\u7b49\u4eba\u627f\u88ad\u6a21\u4eff\u5c48\u539f\u3001\u5b8b\u7389\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u517116\u7bc7\u8f91\u5f55\u6210\u96c6\uff0c\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u695a\u8f9e\u300b\u3002\u695a\u8f9e\u9042\u53c8\u6210\u4e3a\u8bd7\u6b4c\u603b\u96c6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c48\u539f\u7684\u300a\u79bb\u9a9a\u300b\u662f\u300a\u695a\u8f9e\u300b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\uff0c\u6545\u695a\u8f9e\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u9a9a\u6216\u9a9a\u4f53\u3002
<\/div>\n