{"id":6066,"date":"2019-11-15T18:26:14","date_gmt":"2019-11-15T18:26:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/hunan-embroidery-xiang-xiu\/"},"modified":"2019-11-15T18:26:14","modified_gmt":"2019-11-15T18:26:14","slug":"hunan-embroidery-xiang-xiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/de\/hunan-embroidery-xiang-xiu\/","title":{"rendered":"Hunan Embroidery \u6e58\u7ee3"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Time: 2006
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Category: Folk Art
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Region: Hunan Province
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Ref. No.: VII-19
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Nominating unit[s]: Changsha city, Hunan Province
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Hunan embroidery (or Xiang embroidery) is traditio<\/em>nally produced in Changsha City and dozens of counties and towns under its governance such as Changsha County, Wangcheng County and Kaifu District. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, state-run embroidery firms like Red Star Xiang Embroidery Factory, Hunan Xiang Embroidery Factory, Changsha Xiang Embroidery General Factory (restructured), Changsha County Xiang Embroidery Factory (closed down) and Wangcheng County Xiang Embroidery Factory (closed down) were established ba<\/em>sed on pre-existed embroidery workshops, employing nearly 100,000 workers in their heyday. In 1979, Hunan Xiang Embroidery Factory was transformed into the Hunan Embroidery Research Institute. In 1998, the Hunan Xiang Embroidery Museum was founded with the 7.8 million yuan fund from Hunan Provincial People’s Government. In 1986, Changsha Shaping Xiang Embroidery Factory (privately-owned) was incorporated. In 2003, Hunan Xingsha Xiang Embroidery Town was established on a joint venture basis.
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For nearly a century, Hunan embroidery has been thought of as one of the four great embroidery styles in China. Remains of embroidered garments, such as Dark Brown Xinqi Embroidery with Diamond Patterns and Yellow Silk Embroidery with Lo<\/em>ngevity Patterns unearthed from Mawangdui No.1 Tomb of the Han Dynasty in Changsha in 1972, are the best evidence of Hunan embroidery’s existence over two thousand years ago. In the late Qing Dynasty, the embroidery system unique to Hunan embroidery was developed. Also around this period, Li Yihui (1854-1928), an artisan of Hunan embroidery, initiated the elaborate stitching; Hu Lianxian opened the first Hunan embroidery store “Wu Caixia Embroidery Store” in Simenkou in Changsha and the elaborate stitching was popularized thanks to her apprentices. Elaborate stitching can show both the light & shade and the two opposing principles in nature. It also shows gradients in color, as well as mixing subjects. This technique, used in combination with fine splitting technique, gives full play to the artistic spirit of the literati painting. During the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the artisan of Hunan embroidery Liao Jiahui embroidered her work titled Portrait of The Mother of Wu Peifu which is now displayed in the Shanghai Museum; in Feng An Grand Ceremony, the cover for Mr. Sun Yat-sen’s coffin was made of Hunan embroidery, which can now be seen in Taipei’s Natio<\/em>nal Palace Museum; the artwork The Portrait of President Roosevelt was embroidered by Changsha Jinhuali Embroidery Store in 1933 and now is shown in the Little White House in Atlanta of the United States. It was exhibited in the World Exposition Centennial Celebration in Chicago and caused a sensation, earning a good reputation for Hunan embroidery abroad. At that point, the techniques of Hunan embroidery had reached a peak. After the founding of PR China, Yu Zhenhui (1913-1984), a famous experienced artisan of Hunan embroidery, invented and perfected uneven stitching, through which the subjects in the embroidery, like lions and tigers, became lifelike. Thanks to his work, the uneven stitching became a famous needling technique unique to the four great embroidery styles of China. Through the inheritance and evolution of artisans over the generations, a complete needling technique system comprising 72 varieties in 5 categories in Hunan embroidery was developed, laying a good foundation for manifesting literati paintings and modern photographs. Along with the double-sided embroidery with varied colors and patterns, Hunan embroidery has reached a surprisingly new height in terms of manifestation and craftsmanship, and was ho<\/em>nored as a “Superb Artwork of Embroidery” at home and “Magic Artwork” abroad.
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Since the reform and opening up of China, the State Council has successively granted Li Kaiyun, Yang Yingxiu, Huang Cuifeng, Liu Aiyun and Zhou Jinxiu the title of Chinese Arts & Crafts Master of Hunan embroidery. Hunan embroidery pieces with subjects like lions and tigers are collected in China Natio<\/em>nal Arts & Crafts Museum as natio<\/em>nal treasures. A great number of artisans have been sent abroad by the Chinese government to give performances, and a large amount of Hunan embroidery pieces were presented to internatio<\/em>nal airports and foreign friends as natio<\/em>nal gifts, promoting the diffusion of traditio<\/em>nal Chinese culture and internatio<\/em>nal friendship. In 2005, Shenzhou VI carried the artworks of Hunan embroidery (made by Changsha Shaping Hunan embroidery Factory) to outer space. In October 2005, at the Exhibition of Four Great Embroidery Styles in China held in Mudu Town of Jiangsu Province, a piece of artwork of Hunan embroidery entitled Long-life Bird (made by Hunan Xing Sha Hunan embroidery Town) was the o<\/em>nly one to win the first prize. In November 2005, at the Exhibition of Arts and Fine Works of Chinese Arts and Crafts Masters held by China Arts-Crafts Association in Hangzhou, a Hunan embroidery piece, Portrait of Annan (made by Changsha Embroidery Garden), was the o<\/em>nly one that won the golden medal among all of the embroidery works.
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In recent years, owing to the impact of foreign cultures, rapid development of the market eco<\/em>nomy and large-scale emigration of rural labors, the successors to the Hunan embroidery, which was originated from folk craftsmanship, have fallen short, and some excellent craftsmanship is very likely to become extinct. To protect and develop the craft, the Changsha People’s Government has gradually strengthened the efforts to protect the craft by adopting effective and pragmatic measures, so as to ensure the inheritance and development of the craft, a brand created by Hunan people in the course of thousands of years.
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