{"id":13214,"date":"2019-11-22T15:46:26","date_gmt":"2019-11-22T15:46:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/?p=13214"},"modified":"2019-11-22T15:46:26","modified_gmt":"2019-11-22T15:46:26","slug":"the-great-wall-chang-cheng-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/fr\/the-great-wall-chang-cheng-3\/","title":{"rendered":"The Great Wall \u957f\u57ce"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The Great Wall is an ancient work of defense which it took the lo<\/em>ngest time to co<\/em>nstruct with the greatest quantity of work in China and in the world. Ever since the 7th or 8th Century B.C., co<\/em>nstruction of it co<\/em>ntinued for more than 2,000 years, as a result of which it is seen on the vast lands in the north and middle of the country with a total length of over 50,000 metres, and hence its claim of “spanning more than 2,000 years and covering over 100,000 li”. Such a gigantic project that it took is unique not o<\/em>nly in the history of China but also in that of the world, on which account it has been rated as one of the Seven Wo<\/em>nders of the World among such as the Roman Gladiators’ Arena and the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
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In the year 220 B.C. or so, First Emperor of Qin (259-210 B.C.), who had just managed to unify the entire China, had the disco<\/em>nnected defense works that had been built earlier l<\/em>inked up into a complete system of defense for the purpose of repelling the invasion from the north. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), as ordered, the co<\/em>nstruction continued, and the Great Wall was made into the lo<\/em>ngest military work in the world, whose claim to cultural and artistic values can stand at par with its im<\/em>portance in history and strategy.
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The so-called “Great Wall Underwater” in the Panjiakou Reservoir, the Man [Manchu] Natio<\/em>nality Auto<\/em>nomous County, Kuancheng, Hebei, has been suspended highly in parts. How did the stretch of wall come to form a unique and miraculous spectacle? Xifengkou and Panjiakou Fortresses co<\/em>nstructed more than 500 years ago were two im<\/em>portant passes for the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty and major lines of communication leading from central China to the northern and northeastern frontiers, on which stretch that lasted for a<\/em>bout 50 kilometres there were 21 arsenals and 160 watch towers. The year 1975 witnessed the completion of Panjiakou Reservoir, a large water co<\/em>nservancy project, and after the waters reached its designed capacity, the level of water surpassed the height of that part of the Great Wall. Therefore Xifengkou and Panjiakou Fortresses were submerged, and the stretch of the Wall of 500 years of age was overwhelmed underwater. However, years of drought on end had sent the level of the water within the Panjiakou Reservoir dropping rapidly, so at the end of the 20th century, that stretch which had been hidden under for 20 or more years remerged above the water.
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History of the Great Wall’s Co<\/em>nstruction dates way back to the Western Zhou Dynasty in the 9th century B.C., when the Zhou Kingdom, with a view to defending against the assaults from Yanyuan, a nomadic tribe in the North, built Fortress Array, i.e. fortresses that stood in continuity. When it was the 7th or 8th century, a time named the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, when the various feudal princes were seeking hegemony over and guarded against one another. So depending on their needs, they raised up great walls along their borders. The earliest length was built in the 7th century B.C. by the Chu Kingdom, to be followed by such other states as the Latter Qi Kingdom, and Han, Wei, Zhao, Yan, Qin and Zho<\/em>ngshan States, states of the feudal princes of various sizes, for the sole purpose of self defense. The great walls of the time were characterized by differing directions and shorter lengths measuring hundreds of metres to 1,000 to 2,000 metres, so that in order to distinguish the great walls of the time from those formed during the reign of the feudal princes, historians term them “Great Walls of the Former Qin Dynasty”.
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