{"id":15925,"date":"2020-01-14T21:21:15","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T21:21:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-grammar\/the-subject-and-adverbial-adjuncts-zhu-yu-he-zhuang-yu\/"},"modified":"2020-01-14T21:21:15","modified_gmt":"2020-01-14T21:21:15","slug":"the-subject-and-adverbial-adjuncts-zhu-yu-he-zhuang-yu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/fr\/the-subject-and-adverbial-adjuncts-zhu-yu-he-zhuang-yu\/","title":{"rendered":"The Subject and Adverbial Adjuncts \u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u72b6\u8bed"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

\tThe Subject
\t<\/strong>In Chinese the most common form of composing a sentence is using subject and predicate sentence elements. Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, duplicated measure words, and phrases can all act as subjects. For instance,<\/p>\n

\t\u8df3\u821e<\/strong>\u5f88\u5065\u5eb7 (tiàow\u01d4 h\u011bn jiànk\u0101ng)\u3002Dancing is quite healthy. ("\u8df3\u821e" is the subject and is also a verb.)<\/span><\/p>\n

\t\u4e50\u89c2<\/strong>\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7 (lègu\u0101n y\u01d2u yì yú sh\u0113nt\u01d0 jiànk\u0101ng)\u3002Optimism is good for us health. ("\u4e50\u89c2" is the subject and is an adjective.)<\/p>\n

\t\u5341\u4e09<\/strong>\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u6570\u5b57 (shís\u0101n shì gè bú xìng yùn de shùzì)\u3002Thirteen is an unlucky number. ("\u5341\u4e09" is the subject and is also a numeral.)<\/span><\/p>\n

\tThe subject is usually at the start of the sentence, expressing the target of a statement.<\/p>\n

\tAdverbial Adjuncts
\t<\/strong>Adverbial adjuncts are words or phrases that decorate or limit the predicate.<\/p>\n

\tAn adverbial adjunct located before a verb predicate.
\t\u4ed6\u6628\u5929<\/strong>\u53bb\u4e86\u4e0a\u6d77 (t\u0101 zuóti\u0101n qù le shàngh\u01cei)\u3002He went Shanghai yesterday.
\t\u6211\u53ea<\/strong>\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u6bdb\u8863 ( w\u01d2 zh\u01d0y\u01d2u yíjiàn máoy\u012b)\u3002I only have one sweater.<\/p>\n

\tAn adverbial adjunct located before an adjective predicate
\t\u6211\u5f88<\/strong>\u9ad8\u5174 (w\u01d2 h\u011bn g\u0101oxìng)\u3002I am very happy.
\t\u8fd9\u6735\u82b1\u975e\u5e38<\/strong>\u6f02\u4eae (zhè du\u01d2 hu\u0101 f\u0113icháng piàoliàng)\u3002This flower is quite beautiful.<\/p>\n

\tThe adverbial adjunct must be placed before the word modified. All kinds of words and phrases may act as an adverbial adjunct. The structural particle \u5730 is often placed after an adverbial adjunct. The basic purpose of adverbs is to act as adverbial adjuncts. For instance,
\t\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u5174 (w\u01d2 f\u0113icháng g\u0101o xìng)\u3002I am very happy. (The adverb "\u975e\u5e38" acting as the adverbial adjunct modifies the predicate "\u9ad8\u5174".)<\/p>\n

\tThe main purpose of prepositional phrase is also to act as adverbial adjuncts. For instance,
\t\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u897f\u8fb9\u8d70\u5427 (w\u01d2men cóng x\u012bbi\u0101n z\u01d2u ba)\u3002Let’s go there from the west side. (The prepositional phrase "\u4ece\u897f\u8fb9" modifies the verb "\u8d70".)<\/p>\n

\tTo conclude, nouns, auxiliary verbs, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, coordinative phrases, subject-predicate phrases, endocentric phrases, numeral-measure word phrases, phrases of locality, and set phrases can all act as adverbial adjuncts.<\/p>\n

\tWhen verbs, dissyllabic adjectives, coordinative phrases, subject-predicate phrases, duplicated numeral-measure word phrases, and set phrases act as the adverbial adjunct ordinarily the particle "\u5730" (de) must be used. For instance,
\t\u8bf7\u5927\u58f0\u5730\u8bfb (q\u01d0ng dàsh\u0113ng de l\u01cengdú)\u3002Please read loudly. (The verb "\u5927\u58f0" acts as the adverbial adjunct.)
\t\u6211\u4eec\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u770b\u4e86 (w\u01d2 men c\u016b lüè de kàn le)\u3002We looked roughly. (The dissyllabic adjective "\u7c97\u7565" acts at the adverbial adjunct.)<\/p>\n

\tWhen adverbs, prepositional phrases, nouns expressing time or place, monosyllabic adjectives, and pronouns act as an adverbial adjunct, in general, "\u5730" should not be used. For instance,
\t\u6211\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u6e38\u6cf3 (w\u01d2 h\u011bn x\u01d0hu\u0101n yóuy\u01d2ng)\u3002I really like swimming. (Adverb "\u5f88" acts as the adverbial adjunct.)<\/p>\n

\t <\/p>\n