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Mingshi 明史 “The History of the Ming Dynasty”

The Mingshi 明史 "History of the Ming" is the official dynastic history (zhengshi 正史) of the Ming dynasty 明 (1368-1644). Over time it had become common for a newly established dynasty to compile an official history of the preceeding dynasty. The compilation of the Mingshi started in 1679 and it was only finished in 1739 when it was submitted to the throne by Zhang Tingyu 张廷玉. The first imperial order to compile the history of the Ming was issued in 1645, one year after theManchus' conquest of Beijing but at such an early point of time it was not possible to collect material and sources sufficient for such a task. Only in 1679 a Compilation Office for the History of the Ming (Mingshiguan 明史馆) was established. The compilation team was supervised by Xu Yuanwen 徐元文 and led by Ye Fang'ai 叶方蔼, Zhang Yushu 张玉书, Tang Bin 汤斌 and Xu Qianxue 徐干学. One of the most important contributors was Wan Sitong 万斯同. In 1691 the draft version with a length of 416 juan "scrolls" was finished, the Mingshigao 明史稿.

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Harbin Institute of Technology 哈尔滨工业大学

****************************************************** Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT)（哈尔滨工业大学：hāěrbīn Gōnɡyè Dàxué） was founded in 1920 as a small technical school and now, 83 years later, has developed into a large multi-disciplinary nationally renowned university with science, engineering and research as its core. Since 1954, HIT has repeatedly been designated as one of China’s leading institutions of higher education and as such has received significant financial support and investment from the Central Government. HIT is also one of the national “211 Project“ universities. This project targets 100 institutions of higher education to receive preferential support for development into world-class universities in the 21st century.

HIT believes one of the most important elements in maintaining the high academic standards is their faculties. HIT employs a great number of scholars well known domestically and internationally. Currently, there are 2,885 faculty members, including 18 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Science and/or the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 444 doctoral supervisors, 629 professors and 1,112 associate professors.

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Luoyang mudan ji 洛阳牡丹记 “On the Peonies of Luoyang”

The Luoyang mudan ji 洛阳牡丹记 "Peonies of Luoyang" is a treatise on peonies written by the early Song period 宋 (960-1279) scholar Ouyang Xiu 欧阳修 (1007-1072). It is the earliest Chinese description of garden flowers at all. In older treatises on medical herbs, like the Shen Nong bencao jing 神农本草经, peonies are still treated as medical and not as decorative plants. It is known Emperor Yang 隋炀帝 (r. 604-617) of the Sui dynasty 隋 (581-618) had decorated his gardens with different kinds of peonies. The capitals Chang'an 长安 (modern Xi'an 西安, Shaanxi) and Luoyang 洛阳 (modern Luoyang, Henan) became important centres of peony cultivation.

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Xian Jiao Tong University 西安交通大学

****************************************************** Towering trees have their roots and the rivers flowing around the mountains have their sources. The predecessor of Xian Jiao Tong University（西安交通大学：Xī'ān Jiāotōnɡ Dàxué） is Nanyang Public University（南洋公学：Nányánɡ Gōnɡxué） that was founded in Shanghai in 1896; in 1905, it was transferred to the commercial department and was renamed High Industrial School; in 1906, it was under the command of postal transmission department. It was renamed Shanghai High Industrial School of Postal Transmission Department.

In 1955, the State Council decided to move Jiao Tong University to Xian. In May of 1956, it began to move. In September of 1957, Jiao Tong University has two parts, one was in Xian. The other was in Shanghai. Later, most departments, specialties, books, equipment and instruments and teachers, students and staffs moved to Xian; on July 31, 1959, No, 212 Guoerluzi document of State Council approved and agreed education department's decision that the Xian part and Shanghai part of Jiao Tong university become independent and set up two universities, Xian Jiao Tong University and Shanghai University.

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Central South University 中南大学

****************************************************** Central South University (CSU)（中南大学：Zhōnɡnán Dàxué） is a comprehensive and national key university under the direct administration of the Ministry of Education in China. CSU was established in April, 2000 on the basis of the amalgamation of the three former individual universities, namely Central South University of Technology, Hunan Medical University and Changsha Railway University. CSU is situated in Changsha, Hunan. Prof. Li Jian is secretary of the Communist Party of China's CSU Committee, and Prof. Huang Boyun, an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, is president of CSU.

The fields of study at CSU cover 10 branches of learning, namely engineering, science, medicine, management, literature, law, economics, philosophy, education and history. The university now offers 75 undergraduate programs, 207 master's programs and 128 doctoral programs. It has 18 postdoctoral exchange centers, 17 national key disciplines, 4 national key laboratories, 7 national or ministry-level key training or research centers and 5 national talent training bases and research bases.

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