{"id":3525,"date":"2019-11-19T15:43:57","date_gmt":"2019-11-19T15:43:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/ci-ci\/"},"modified":"2019-11-19T15:43:57","modified_gmt":"2019-11-19T15:43:57","slug":"ci-ci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/mm\/ci-ci\/","title":{"rendered":"Ci (\u8bcd)"},"content":{"rendered":"
Ci (cí \u8bcd) is a kind of lyric Chinese poetry. For speakers of English, the word "ci" is pro<\/em>nounced somewhat like "tsuh". It is also known as Changduanju (cháng du\u01cen jù \u957f\u77ed\u53e5 "lines of irregular lengths") and Shiyu (sh\u012b yú \u8bd7\u9980).<\/p>\n

Typically the number of characters in each line and the arrangement of to<\/em>nes were determined by one of around 800 set patterns, each associated with a particular title, called cipai (cí pái \u8bcd\u724c). Originally they were written to be sung to a tune of that title, with set rhythm, rhyme, and tempo. Therefore, the title may have nothing to do with its contents, and it is common for several ci to appear to have the same title. Some ci would have a "subtitle" (or a commentary, sometimes as long as a paragraph) indicating the contents. Sometimes, for the sake of clarity, a ci is listed under its title plus its first line.<\/p>\n

Ci most often express feelings of desire, often in an adopted persona, but the greatest expo<\/em>nents of the form such as Li Houzhu (l\u01d0 hòu zh\u01d4 \u674e\u540e\u4e3b) and Su Shi (s\u016b shì \u82cf\u8f7c) used it to address a wide range of topics.<\/p>\n

History
Beginning in the Liang Dynasty, the ci followed the tradition of the Shi Jing and the yue fu: they were lyrics which developed from ano<\/em>nymous popular so<\/em>ngs (some of Central Asian origin) into a sophisticated literary genre. The form was further developed in the Tang Dynasty, and was most popular in the Song Dynasty.<\/p>\n

Cipai
Most cipai co<\/em>nsist of three characters. The literal meaning of a cipai can be rather obscure, making it difficult to translate. Some are taken straight from earlier poems, and some are clearly of Non-Han origin — mostly so<\/em>ngs introduced from Central Asia. Some cipai have alternative names, usually taken from a famous piece of that very cipai. There also are variants of certain cipai, indicated by a prefix or a suffix.<\/p>\n

Appreciation<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6c5f\u57ce\u5b50\u300b<\/p>\n

\u5341\u5e74\u751f\u6b7b\u4e24\u832b\u832b\uff0c\u4e0d\u601d\u91cf\uff0c\u81ea\u96be\u5fd8\u3002\u5343\u91cc\u5b64\u575f\uff0c\u4f55\u5904\u8bdd\u51c4\u51c9\u3002\u7eb5\u4f7f\u76f8\u9022\u5e94\u4e0d\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c18\u6ee1\u9762\uff0c\u9b13\u5982\u971c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591c\u6765\u5e7d\u68a6\u5ffd\u8fd8\u4e61\uff0c\u5c0f\u8f69\u7a97\uff0c\u6b63\u68b3\u5986\u3002\u76f8\u987e\u65e0\u8a00\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u6cea\u5343\u884c\u3002\u6599\u5f97\u5e74\u5e74\u80a0\u65ad\u5904\uff0c\u660e\u6708\u591c\uff0c\u77ed\u677e\u5188\u3002<\/p>\n

altTo the Tune of Riverside City – For ten years here I wander and there you lie
“For ten years here I wander and there you lie.\/ I don’t think a<\/em>bout you often,\/ yet how can I forget you!\/ With your grave a thousand miles away,\/ wher can I co<\/em>nfide my loneliness?\/ Even if we met, could you recognize me,\/ with dust all over my face\/ and hair like frost?\/ Last night I had a dream in which I returned home.\/ By the window,\/ you were combing your hair.\/ We Looked at each other silently,\/ with tears streaming down our cheeks.\/ There’s a place which every year will be my misery\uff1a\/ the moo<\/em>nlit night,\/ the hill of short pines.<\/p>\n

In the title of this ci, "the Tune of Riverside City" is the cipai, followed by the first sentence of the poem. Su Shi got married when he was 19, his wife 16. His wife died when she was o<\/em>nly 27. Because of his government duties, Su Shi had moved to many different places in China, all far away from his hometown. One night in early 1075, a<\/em>bout 10 years after her death, Su Shi dreamed of his wife, then composed this famous ci.<\/p>\n

Famous Ci Poets<\/p>\n

Li Houzhu (l\u01d0 hòu zh\u01d4 \u674e\u540e\u4e3b)
Liu Yong (li\u01d4 y\u01d2ng \u67f3\u6c38)
Ouyang Xiu (\u014du yáng xi\u016b \u6b27\u9633\u4fee)
Su Shi (s\u016b shì \u82cf\u8f7c)
Huang Tingjian (huáng tíng ji\u0101n \u9ec4\u5ead\u575a)
Jiang Kui (ji\u0101ng kuí \u59dc\u5914)
Xin Qiji (x\u012bn qì jí \u8f9b\u5f03\u75be)
Li Qingzhao (l\u01d0 q\u012bng zhào \u674e\u6e05\u7167)<\/p>\n

\u8bcd     
      \u8bcd\uff0c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u56e0\u662f\u5408\u4e50\u7684\u6b4c\u8bcd\uff0c\u6545\u53c8\u79f0\u66f2\u5b50\u8bcd\u3001\u4e50\u5e9c\u3001\u4e50\u7ae0\u3001\u957f\u77ed\u53e5\u3001\u8bd7\u4f59\u3001\u7434\u8da3\u7b49\u3002\u59cb\u4e8e\u5510\uff0c\u5b9a\u578b\u4e8e\u4e94\u4ee3\uff0c\u76db\u4e8e\u5b8b\u3002\u5510\u4ee3\u4ece\u897f\u57df\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u4e0e\u4e2d\u539f\u65e7\u4e50\u6e10\u6b21\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u80e1\u4e50\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u71d5\u4e50\u3002\u539f\u6765\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u4e94\u3001\u4e03\u8a00\u8bd7\u5df2\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5b57\u53e5\u4e0d\u7b49\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u66f4\u4e3a\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bcd\u6700\u65e9\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u6c11\u95f4\uff0c\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6587\u4eba\u4f9d\u7167\u4e50\u8c31\u58f0\u5f8b\u8282\u62cd\u800c\u5199\u65b0\u8bcd\uff0c\u53eb\u505a“\u586b\u8bcd”\u6216“\u4f9d\u58f0”\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u8bcd\u4e0e\u97f3\u4e50\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u53e5\u5b50\u957f\u77ed\u4e0d\u9f50\u7684\u683c\u5f8b\u8bd7\u3002\u4e94\u3001\u4e03\u8a00\u8bd7\u53e5\u5300\u79f0\u5bf9\u5076\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6574\u9f50\u7f8e\uff1b\u800c\u8bcd\u4ee5\u957f\u77ed\u53e5\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u53c2\u5dee\u7f8e\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u8bcd\u6709\u8bcd\u724c\uff0c\u5373\u66f2\u8c03\u3002\u6709\u7684\u8bcd\u8c03\u53c8\u56e0\u5b57\u6570\u6216\u53e5\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684“\u4f53”\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u724c\u7ea6100\u4e2a\u3002\u8bcd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7247\u6216\u9615\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u7247\u7684\u4e3a\u5355\u8c03\uff0c\u5206\u4e8c\u7247\u7684\u4e3a\u53cc\u8c03\uff0c\u5206\u4e09\u7247\u7684\u79f0\u4e09\u53e0\u3002\u6309\u97f3\u4e50\u53c8\u6709\u4ee4\u3001\u5f15\u3001\u8fd1\u3001\u6162\u4e4b\u522b\u3002“\u4ee4”\u4e00\u822c\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6587\u4eba\u8bcd\u591a\u586b\u5c0f\u4ee4\u3002“\u5f15”\u548c “\u8fd1”\u4e00\u822c\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\uff0c\u800c“\u6162”\u53c8\u8f83“\u5f15”\u548c“\u8fd1”\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u76db\u884c\u4e8e\u5317\u5b8b\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u67f3\u6c38“\u59cb\u884d\u6162\u8bcd”\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4f9d\u5176\u5b57\u6570\u7684\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u53c8\u6709“\u5c0f\u4ee4”\u3001“\u4e2d\u8c03”\u3001“\u957f\u8c03”\u4e4b\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u7531\u4e8e\u8bcd\u5728\u665a\u5510\u3001\u4e94\u4ee3\u3001\u5b8b\u521d\u591a\u662f\u9152\u5e2d\u5bb4\u524d\u5a31\u5bbe\u9063\u5174\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u6545\u6709“\u8bcd\u4e3a\u5c0f\u9053\u3001\u8273\u79d1”\u3001“\u8bd7\u5e84\u8bcd\u5a9a”\u4e4b\u8bf4\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8bcd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ecf\u67f3\u6c38\u3001\u82cf\u8f7c\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u8bcd\u7684\u9898\u6750\uff0c\u81f3\u8f9b\u5f03\u75be\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u548c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u540c\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f53\u88c1\u3002

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