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\tThe official name of Chinese phonetic system is Pinyin which means "spelled sound" in Chinese. The Pinyin system transcribe Chinese characters into Latin script with 25 letters(the letter "V" is not used). It was developed in the 1950s and published by the Chinese government in 1958. The system was adopted as the official standard in Taiwan in 2009, where it is generally referred to as the New Phonetic System.<\/p>\n
\tIn this system, the correspondence between the letter and the sound is sometimes idiosyncratic, though not necessarily more so than the way the Latin script is employed in other languages. For example, the aspiration distinction between b, d, g and p, t, k is similar to that of English, but not to that of French. Z and c also have that distinction, pronounced as [ts] and [ts\u02b0],similar to the german z and to and the italian z of "pazzo", however these languages do not have the distinction. In the x, j, q series, the Pinyin use of x is similar to its use in Portuguese, Galician, Catalan, Basque and Maltese; and the Pinyin q is akin to its value in Albanian; both Pinyin and Albanian pronunciations may sound similar to the ch to the untrained ear. Pinyin vowels are pronounced in a similar way to vowels in Romance languages. <\/p>\n
\tThe pronunciation and spelling of Chinese words are generally given in terms of initials and finals, which represent the segmental phonemic portion of the language, rather than letter by letter. Initials are initial consonants, while finals are all possible combinations of medials (semivowels coming before the vowel), the nucleus vowel, and coda (final vowel or consonant).<\/p>\n
\t18 Initials:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \t35 Finals:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \tThe pinyin system also uses diacritics to mark the four tones of Mandarin. The diacritic is placed over the letter that represents the syllable nucleus. Let's see four tones in Chinese:<\/p>\n \tFour tones:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \tChinese tones are really important while speaking. Different tones means different words. For example:<\/p>\n \tm\u0101 (\u5988) : mother <===> <\/span>m\u01ce (\u9a6c): horse<\/span><\/p>\n \tAnd also we have huge different words which are the same pronunciation, but different characters. For example:<\/p>\n \tsh\u0101<\/span> : \u6740( to kill), \u6c99( sand ), \u5239(to break), etc<\/p>\n \tIt seems very difficult if a student only learns Chinese characters one by one. An easier way to learn Chinese characters is to learn words which usually consist of 2 or 3 characters. For example, "diàn" has different meanings with different characters. But if we say "di<\/span>à<\/span>nhu<\/span>à", here is only one mearning: telephone. So learning Chinese by words instead of characters is better. <\/span>If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message. I will reply as soon as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n \t\t\t\tb<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tp<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tm<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \t\t\t\td<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tt<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tn<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \t\t\t\tj<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tq<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tx<\/td>\n \t\t\t\t <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \t\t\t\tz<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tc<\/td>\n \t\t\t\ts<\/td>\n \t\t\t\t <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \t\t\t\tzh<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tch<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tsh<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n \t\t\t\t6 basic finals:<\/td>\n \t\t\t\ta, o, e, i, u, ü<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \t\t\t\t13 compound finals <\/td>\n \n \n \t\t\t\t16 nasal finals\uff1a<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tan, en, ian, in, uan, üan, uen, ün<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \t\t\t\t <\/td>\n \t\t\t\tang, eng, iang, ing, iong, ong, uang, ueng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n \t\t\t\tTone <\/td>\n \t\t\t\tTone Mark <\/td>\n \t\t\t\tNumber added to end of syllable
\t\t\t\tin place of tone mark<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tExample using
\t\t\t\ttone mark<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tExample using
\t\t\t\tnumber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n \t\t\t\tFirst <\/td>\n \t\t\t\t¯<\/big><\/td>\n \t\t\t\t1<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tm\u0101<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tma1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \t\t\t\tSecond<\/td>\n \t\t\t\t\/<\/span><\/font><\/td>\n \t\t\t\t2<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tmá<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tma2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \t\t\t\tThird<\/td>\n \t\t\t\t\u02c7<\/span> <\/big><\/span><\/td>\n \t\t\t\t3<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tm\u01ce<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tma3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \t\t\t\tFourth<\/td>\n \t\t\t\t<\/td>\n \t\t\t\t4<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tmà<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tma4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \t\t\t\tNetrual<\/td>\n \t\t\t\t <\/td>\n \t\t\t\t5 or 0<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tma<\/td>\n \t\t\t\tma5 or ma0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n