{"id":6043,"date":"2019-11-14T19:39:11","date_gmt":"2019-11-14T19:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/art-of-ancient-chinese-guqin-music-gu-qin-yi-shu\/"},"modified":"2019-11-14T19:39:11","modified_gmt":"2019-11-14T19:39:11","slug":"art-of-ancient-chinese-guqin-music-gu-qin-yi-shu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/my\/art-of-ancient-chinese-guqin-music-gu-qin-yi-shu\/","title":{"rendered":"Art of Ancient Chinese Guqin Music \u53e4\u7434\u827a\u672f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2006\u5e74
Time: 2006
\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a\u6c11\u95f4\u97f3\u4e50
Category: Folk Music
\u5730\u533a\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e
Region: The Central Government of the People’s Republic of China
\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a\u2161-34
Ref. No.: II–34
\u7533\u62a5\u5730\u533a\u6216\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u9662
Nominating unit[s]: Chinese Natio<\/em>nal Academy of Arts
\u53e4\u7434\u53c8\u79f0"\u7434"\u3001"\u4e03\u5f26\u7434"\uff0c\u522b\u79f0"\u7eff\u7eee"\u3001"\u4e1d\u6850"\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u7f6e\u5f39\u5f26\u4e50\u5668\u7684\u72ec\u594f\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5531\u3001\u5f39\u517c\u987e\u7684\u7434\u6b4c\u4e0e\u7434\u3001\u7bab\u5408\u594f\u3002\u53e4\u7434\u76f8\u4f20\u521b\u59cb\u4e8e\u53f2\u524d\u4f20\u8bf4\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4f0f\u7fb2\u6c0f\u548c\u795e\u519c\u6c0f\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u8003\u53e4\u53d1\u6398\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u53e4\u7434\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e50\u5668\u7684\u5f62\u5236\u81f3\u8fdf\u5230\u6c49\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u5b8c\u5907\uff0c\u5176\u6f14\u594f\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u98ce\u683c\u7ecf\u5386\u4ee3\u7434\u4eba\u53ca\u6587\u4eba\u7684\u521b\u9020\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u53e4\u7434\u6f14\u594f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u3001\u827a\u672f\u6c34\u51c6\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u6700\u5177\u6c11\u65cf\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u5ba1\u7f8e\u60c5\u8da3\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u827a\u672f\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5668\u4e50\u6f14\u594f\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
Guqin, also known as "Qin", "Seven-stringed Qin", "Lvqi" and "Sitong", mainly represents an artistic form of solo using a horizontally-laid stringed instrument. It may also be played when qin music is sung, accompanied by Qin and Xiao (a vertical bamboo flute). It is said that the history of Guqin can be dated back to the Periods of Fuxi and Shennong in prehistoric legendary times. Existing archaeological materials suggest that Guqin, as a musical instrument, was already full-fledged by the Han Dynasty in terms of shape and conformation. Its performing forms and styles have kept on improving and have been passed on till now owing to the joint creative efforts of Guqin players and scholars. Guqin performance is one of the oldest musical performances with the highest standard of art, the stro<\/em>ngest natio<\/em>nal spirit, aesthetic taste and traditio<\/em>nal art features in Chinese history.
\u53e4\u7434\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u4f20\u7edf\u72ec\u594f\u5668\u4e50\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u7b5d\u3001\u7435\u7436\u3001\u7b1b\u3001\u7bab\u3001\u7ba1\u3001\u80e1\u7434\u7b49\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u3001\u66f2\u76ee\u79ef\u7d2f\u3001\u6f14\u594f\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u4e50\u5b66\u3001\u5f8b\u5b66\u3001\u4f20\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u65ab\u7434\u5de5\u827a\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u3002
Compared with other traditio<\/em>nal solo musical instruments like zither, Pipa (a plucked string instrument with a fretted fingerboard), flute, Xiao, chalumeau and Huqin (a general term for certain two-stringed bowed instruments), Guqin is not o<\/em>nly lo<\/em>nger in history but also more humanistic and richer in related references, accumulated repertoire, performing skills, musicology, rhythm theory, teaching means and manufacturing process of Qin as well as in social life, history, philosophy and literature.
\u7434\u3001\u68cb\u3001\u4e66\u3001\u753b\u662f\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u4eba\u6574\u4f53\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u7434\u5c45\u56db\u827a\u4e4b\u9996\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e66\u753b\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u827a\u672f\u95e8\u7c7b\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002
The comprehensive quality of a Chinese man of letter has been measured by his proficiency in Guqin, chess, calligraphy and painting since ancient times. Guqin ranks the top place because it has promoted and influenced other arts like Chinese calligraphy and paintings to a great extent.
\u7434\u66f2\u7684\u6807\u9898\u6027\u3001\u97f3\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5e26\u8154\u6027\u3001\u8282\u594f\u4e0a\u7684\u975e\u5747\u5206\u6027\u3001\u97f3\u8d28\u4e0a\u6e05\u5fae\u6de1\u8fdc\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6027\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u97f3\u4e50\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6c49\u6c11\u65cf\u97f3\u4e50\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7434\u66f2\u97f3\u4e50\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u66f2\u76ee\u6709\u300a\u6885\u82b1\u4e09\u5f04\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6d41\u6c34\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6f47\u6e58\u6c34\u4e91\u300b\u3001\u300a\u9633\u5173\u4e09\u53e0\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5fc6\u6545\u4eba\u300b\u7b49\u3002\u6253\u8c31\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e4\u7434\u97f3\u4e50\u4f20\u627f\u4e2d\u6781\u5177\u521b\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u7434\u4eba\u5728\u5904\u7406\u53e3\u4f20\u4e0e"\u4f9d\u8c31\u5bfb\u58f0"\u3001\u6d41\u6d3e\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u7434\u4eba\u4e2a\u6027\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u667a\u6167\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u53e4\u7434\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u7cbe\u795e\u53ca\u5d07\u5c1a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9053\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3a\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u8c03\u6574\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u8ba4\u77e5\u4f53\u9a8c"\u5929\u4eba\u5408\u4e00"\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6027\u548c\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002
The basic characteristics of Chinese musical system are mainly manifested by the title of Qin music, varied auditory attributes of pho<\/em>nological construction, unequally-distributed rhythm and tendency to light and melodious tone quality, co<\/em>nstituting the aesthetic core of Han natio<\/em>nality music. Most melodies of Guqin music largely reflect the feeling of human beings during the changes of nature, society, and history. Main works are Song of Plum Blossom (or Mei Hua San Nong), Running Waters (or Liu Shui), Water and Cloud of Xiao and Xiang Rivers (or Xiao Xiang Shui Yun), Yeung Guan Farewell (or Yang Guan San Die) and Recalling an Old Friend (or Yi Gu Ren). Playing the Qin according to the music score (or Dapu), as one of the most innovative activities in inheritance of Guqin music, fully reveals experience and wisdom in Qin artists’ oral teaching, "looking for the voice ba<\/em>sed on the music score", tradition of schools, perso<\/em>nalities of artists, integration of music and skill details. The Co<\/em>nfucian traditio<\/em>nal spirit and the Taoism upholding nature embraced in Guqin art will bring modern people new clues to adjust the relatio<\/em>nship between nature and society, and co<\/em>nstantly recognize and experience the profoundness and ratio<\/em>nality of the philosophy of "unity of nature and man".
\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u9769\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7ed9\u53e4\u7434\u53ca\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e3a\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u4eba\u4fee\u8eab\u517b\u6027\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u53e4\u7434\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a"\u65e7\u6587\u5316"\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u800c\u5907\u53d7\u51b7\u843d\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u4e13\u4e1a\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u79fb\u5165\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u53e4\u7434\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u517b\u53ca\u81ea\u5a31\u81ea\u609f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5b83\u671d\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fc5\u901f\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u827a\u672f\u5316\u548c\u8868\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u8d8b\u5411\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u53e4\u7434\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u4f9d\u7434\u4eba\u53e3\u4f20\u5fc3\u6388\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u8bfb\u8c31\u4e0e\u6253\u8c31\u95f4\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u88ad\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u53ca\u7531\u7434\u793e\u3001\u6d41\u6d3e\u7b49\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u53e4\u7434\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u53e4\u7434\u539f\u6709\u7684\u96c6\u8bd7\u4e66\u793c\u4e50\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u3001\u7434\u9053\u5373\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u5883\u754c\u88ab\u72ed\u7a84\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u821e\u53f0\u6280\u827a\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u53e4\u7434\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6587\u4fee\u517b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u4f7f\u53e4\u7434\u539f\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u6001\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6587\u7cbe\u795e\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u6df1\u539a\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5fc5\u987b\u5f15\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u5173\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8\u3002
In modern times, dramatic changes, particularly political and eco<\/em>nomic changes, had great impact on Guqin and traditio<\/em>nal Chinese scholar’s ideals for cultivating minds by Qin. During quite a long historical period, Guqin was seen as a symbol of "outdated culture" and thus overlooked. The introduction of Western musical education system has changed the function of Guqin as cultural refinement, self-entertainment and self-co<\/em>nsciousness of people, making it develop in a more specialized and professio<\/em>nal way, and bringing a<\/em>bout a new development trend focusing on market-ba<\/em>sed art and performance. Consequently, a change can be seen in the tradition that artists orally taught music score reading and Dapu from generation to generation as well as in the natural ecologic space of Guqin formed by Qin societies and schools. At that point, the function of Guqin, which originally integrated poetry, calligraphy, etiquette and music and upheld that the philosophy of Qin is the rules for being human, has been narrowed and limited to be a theatre art. Guqin, as a vital means for cultural refinement, ever represented an art of living for intellectuals. Professio<\/em>nalism and specialization have disrupted its natural ecologic space. What’s worse, traditio<\/em>nal Chinese humanistic spirit has, to certain extent, been lost. This merits close attention from relevant social circles.
\u76f8\u5173\u4f20\u627f\u4eba\uff1a
Inheritor(s):
\u90d1\u73c9\u4e2d \u9648\u957f\u6797 \u5434\u948a \u59da\u516c\u767d \u5218\u8d64\u57ce \u674e\u74a0
Zheng Minzhong, Chen Changlin, Wu Zhao, Yao Gongbai, Liu Chicheng, Li Fan,
\u5434\u6587\u5149 \u6797\u53cb\u4ec1 \u674e\u7965\u9706 \u9f9a\u4e00 \u5218\u5584\u6559 \u8c22\u5bfc\u79c0
Wu Wenguang, Lin Youren, Li Xiangting, Gong Yi, Liu Shanjiao, Xie Daoxiu,
\u674e\u79b9\u8d24 \u5218\u6b63\u6625
Li Yuxian, and Liu Zhengchun
<\/div>\n