{"id":8695,"date":"2019-11-05T00:12:25","date_gmt":"2019-11-05T00:12:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-reading\/us-media-china-is-a-039-confucian-country-039\/"},"modified":"2019-11-05T00:12:25","modified_gmt":"2019-11-05T00:12:25","slug":"us-media-china-is-a-039-confucian-country-039","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/my\/us-media-china-is-a-039-confucian-country-039\/","title":{"rendered":"US media: China is a 'Confucian country'"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6
China is a ‘Co<\/em>nfucian country’
\u5982\u679c\u56de\u6eaf\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u90fd\u662f“\u53ea\u95fb\u5176\u58f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u89c1\u5176\u5f62”\u300216\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5b54\u5b50\u5f62\u8c61\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u53c8\u4f20\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u3002
For a long time, Westerners had heard of Confucius, but never seen his face. Jesuit Matteo Ricci introduced the image of Co<\/em>nfucius in the Chinese culture to Europe in the 16th century for the first time, and later to the American continent.
1735\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5468\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\uff0c\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u4e24\u4e2a\u7248\u7bc7\u5e45\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u51e0\u6761\u5b54\u5b50\u8bed\u5f55\u3002
A 1735 issue of the New York Weekly Journal devoted two pages to a reader’s letter a<\/em>bout the Chinese people’s reverence for Co<\/em>nfucius and several quotes from the ancient sage.
\u4ee5\u5f20\u6d9b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u6700\u65e9\u5bf9\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u3002
It was the first time that a U.S. media outlet had reported Confucius, said Zhang Tao, the author of Co<\/em>nfucius in the United States of America.
\u5728\u90a3\u4e4b\u540e\u7684100\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c“\u5177\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6d6a\u6f2b\u8272\u5f69”\u3002\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u53d1\u73b0\u91d1\u77ff\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u534e\u5de5\u6d8c\u5165\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e“\u5b54\u5b50”\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u624d\u53d8\u5f97\u76f4\u89c2\u8d77\u6765\u3002
Co<\/em>nfucius had been a symbol of a foreign civilization for more than 100 years since then until the mid-19th century, when a large number of Chinese workers went to the United States to join the West Coast Gold Rush. From then on, the U.S. media began forming a clearer understanding of Confucius.
\u8e0f\u4e0a\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u6240\u5bb9\u7eb3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u751a\u81f3\u57281882\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u6392\u65a5\u534e\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u8fc2\u8150\u3001\u8352\u8c2c\u3002\u300a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u8bba\u575b\u62a5\u300b\u66fe\u7ecf\u5f62\u5bb9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e“\u5982\u540c\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4e00\u6837\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3”\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u90e8\u53cd\u6620\u6469\u95e8\u6559\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u559c\u5267\u91cc\uff0c“\u8eab\u7740\u7ed2\u5e03\u886c\u886b\uff0c\u4e3e\u6b62\u7c97\u9c81”\u7684\u7537\u4e3b\u89d2\u5e72\u8106\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u5b54\u5b50·\u9ea6\u91d1\u5229\u3002
The Chinese immigrants were not welcomed by locals when they first arrived in the American continent. The United States even enacted the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. In such a context, Americans’ des<\/em>cription of Co<\/em>nfucius became antiquated and ridiculous. The Chicago Tribune o<\/em>nce said that the remarks of certain protesters were as co<\/em>nfusing as the teachings of Confucius. The male main character in a comedy portraying the lives of Mormons, who wore a flannel shirt and was rough in manner, was even named Co<\/em>nfucius McKinley.
\u5b54\u5b50\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u663e\u5f97\u77db\u76fe\u3002“\u5728\u8bc4\u4ef7\u672c\u56fd\u4e8b\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u662f\u4e2a\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u667a\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4e00\u65e6\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002”\u5f20\u6d9b\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\u3002
Co<\/em>nfucius thus represented a co<\/em>ntradictory image in the United States. "When commenting on U.S. affairs, Co<\/em>nfucius is a learned sage. However, his image would became negative when he was associated with China or the Chinese people," Zhang said.
\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c“\u5b54\u5b50”\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u963b\u788d\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u665a\u671f\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\u521a\u521a\u88ab\u70ae\u706b\u8f70\u5f00\u56fd\u95e8\uff0c“\u8a00\u5fc5\u79f0\u5b54\u5b5f\u7684\u8fc2\u8150\u4e66\u751f”\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u4ee4\u897f\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u532a\u5937\u6240\u601d\u3002\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\u5b54\u5b5f\u4e4b\u8a00“\u8fdc\u975e\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6”\uff0c“\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u7834\u95e8\u8fdb\u5165\u6574\u5ea7\u5b54\u5b50\u6bbf\u5802”\u3002
In the early days of China-U.S. relations, Co<\/em>nfucius was regarded by the U.S. media as an obstacle to China’s growth. The New York Times o<\/em>nce commented that learning the teachings of Co<\/em>nfucius and Mencius by rote was far from the best education system, and people should break into the Temple of Confucius.
\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u88ab\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3a“\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ee3\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165”\u7684\u5b54\u5b50\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5374\u88ab\u9891\u9891\u62ff\u6765\u8bc4\u8bba\u6700\u65f6\u65b0\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5c01\u4e3a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u817e\u98de\u7684\u79d8\u8bc0\u3002\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u4f26\u7406\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c“\u5c31\u50cf\u65b0\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837”\uff1b\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u4e5f\u5c06\u5b54\u5b50\u4f26\u7406\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u7279\u6027\u3002
More than a century later, Confucianism, which was criticized as outdated, is frequently used to comment on latest news, and even hailed as the secret of East Asia’ eco<\/em>nomic liftoff. The Washington Post said that Co<\/em>nfucian ethics were to East Asian eco<\/em>nomies what the Protestant ethic was to the Western world. The New York Times also co<\/em>nsidered Co<\/em>nfucian ethics to be an Asian advantage.
\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7bb4\u8a00\u62a5\u300b\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a“\u5b54\u5b50\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d6\u4e16\u7eaa\u7387\u5148\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e86\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002”
The Christian Science Mo<\/em>nitor said that the Chinese moral and political traditions established by Co<\/em>nfucius in the 6th century BC were guiding the industrial development in today’s East Asia.
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u5c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ecd\u7136\u505c\u7559\u5728“\u7b77\u5b50\u3001\u87cb\u87c0\u7b3c\u548c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u52b3\u52a8\u529b”\uff0c\u4f46“\u5b54\u5b50”\u6bd5\u7adf\u6210\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u589e\u8fdb\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u8bf4\u8d77\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f8e\u98df\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b83“\u4e0e\u5b54\u5b50\u540c\u9f84”\uff1b\u6e38\u5ba2\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u4e3e\u6b62\u5f6c\u5f6c\u6709\u793c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u79f0\u8d5e\u8fd9\u662f“\u5723\u4eba\u5b54\u5b502000\u5e74\u524d\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303”\u3002
Although many Americans still tend to associate China with "chopsticks, cricket cages, and cheap labor," Co<\/em>nfucius has become a bridge for enhancing mutual understanding between Chinese and Americans. When talking a<\/em>bout the long history of Chinese cuisine, the U.S. media would stress it is "as old as Confucius." Tourists who saw Chinese behave in a courteous manner would attribute it to the traditio<\/em>nal code of co<\/em>nduct formulated by Co<\/em>nfucius more than 2,000 years ago.
\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fde\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6”\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u8fd8\u6709“\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u6587\u5b57”\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca“\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u5c0f\u773c\u775b\u5b50\u5b59”\u3002
The U.S. media have called China a "Co<\/em>nfucian country," Chinese literature "Co<\/em>nfucian literature," and the Chinese people "the descendants of Co<\/em>nfucius with small eyes."
<\/div>\n