{"id":16773,"date":"2019-08-17T19:55:52","date_gmt":"2019-08-17T19:55:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/the-family-view-in-china\/"},"modified":"2019-08-17T19:55:52","modified_gmt":"2019-08-17T19:55:52","slug":"the-family-view-in-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/the-family-view-in-china\/","title":{"rendered":"The Family View in China"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

\u5bb6 means home. The character \u5bb6 (ji\u0101) first appeared over 3,000 years ago on Shang Dynasty bronzes. At that time, it was just a drawing that depicted a house with a pig inside it. Looking at the pictures, you can see that while one is quite complex and the other very simple, they’re both lifelike.<\/div>\n
“\u5bb6”\u5b57\u6700\u65e9\u89c1\u4e8e3000\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5546\u4ee3\u94dc\u5668\u94ed\u6587\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6”\u5bb6”\u5b57\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u56fe\u753b\uff0c\u753b\u7684\u662f\u623f\u5b50\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u5934\u732a\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u56fe\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a”\u5bb6”\u5b57\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u5f97\u4ed4\u7ec6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u753b\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u903c\u771f\u3002<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

Later, there were significant changes to the form of the character. On Shang Dynasty oracle bones, the character \u5bb6 slowly loses the feeling of being a drawing, and today’s \u5bb6 is written with some of the strokes used to write all modern characters: dots, horizontal strokes, downward diagonal strokes both right and left, and so on. Although the form has changed, the structure hasn’t. The top of the modern character (\u5b80) still represents a house, and the \u8c55 below still represents a pig.<\/div>\n
\u540e\u6765”\u5bb6”\u5b57\u7684\u5f62\u4f53\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4ece\u5546\u4ee3\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u5230\u5468\u4ee3\u94dc\u5668\u94ed\u6587\uff0c\u4ece\u79e6\u671d\u5c0f\u7bc6\u5230\u6c49\u4ee3\u96b6\u4e66\uff0c”\u5bb6”\u5b57\u9010\u6e10\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u56fe\u753b\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6977\u4e66”\u5bb6”\u5b57\u662f\u7531\u70b9\u3001\u6a2a\u3001\u6487\u3001\u637a\u7b49\u7b14\u753b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002”\u5bb6”\u5b57\u7684\u5f62\u4f53\u867d\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0a\u9762\u7684”\u5b80”\u8868\u793a\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762”\u8c55”\u8868\u793a\u732a\u3002<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

What was the earliest meaning of this character? More than 2,000 years ago, the first Chinese dictionary defined it as “home;” in other words, \u5bb6 is a place where people live. So why is there a pig inside it and not a person?<\/div>\n
“\u5bb6”\u5b57\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f2000\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u300a\u8bf4\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a”\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c45\u4e5f\u3002”\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u5bb6\u662f\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\uff0c”\u5bb6”\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u623f\u5b50\u91cc\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u800c\u662f\u732a\u5462\uff1f<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

One way of explaining it is that by the Shang Dynasty, animal husbandry had already been developed. People had domesticated pigs, sheep, oxen and horses. Because pigs were kept indoors with their owners, having a pig inside the house indicated that it was a place where people also lived; that’s why “a house with a pig in it” could be used to write a character that meant “the place where people live.” Sometimes in the oracle bones one can even see versions of \u5bb6 that depict a house with two pigs inside.<\/div>\n
\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u5546\u4ee3\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u53d1\u8fbe\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u4eba\u4eec\u517b\u732a\u3001\u517b\u7f8a\uff0c\u517b\u725b\u3001\u517b\u9a6c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u628a\u732a\u517b\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\uff0c\u623f\u5b50\u91cc\u6709\u732a\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6709\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u7528\u623f\u5b50\u91cc\u6709\u732a\u7684”\u5bb6”\u5b57\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u3002\u5728\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u4e2d\u5076\u5c14\u8fd8\u80fd\u89c1\u5230\u623f\u5b50\u91cc\u6709\u4e24\u5934\u732a\u7684”\u5bb6”\u5b57\u5462\u3002<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

In the 3,000 years between the Shang Dynasty and the modern era, \u5bb6’s meaning has been extended to include things that are related to home. The modern \u5bb6 is most often used to mean “family” and “the place where a family lives.” For example, when we say “our ?\u5bb6 has five people” or “the father is the master of the \u5bb6” it means family. When we say “Our \u5bb6 is in Beijing, and going back to our \u5bb6 is very easy,” the meaning is “the place where our family is.”<\/div>\n
\u4ece\u5546\u4ee3\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c3000\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c”\u5bb6”\u5b57\u7531\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u73b0\u5728”\u5bb6”\u5b57\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f4f\u6240\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4”\u6211\u5bb6\u6709\u4e94\u53e3\u4eba\uff0c\u7238\u7238\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e3b”\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a”\u5bb6”\u8868\u793a\u5bb6\u5ead\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4”\u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u56de\u5bb6\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf”\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a”\u5bb6”\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u3002<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bb6 can also be used to describe a certain kind of person or indicate an identity, as in \u6e14\u5bb6 (yúji\u0101, fisherman), \u519c\u5bb6 (nóngji\u0101, farmer) and \u4e1c\u5bb6 (d\u014dngjia, landlord). Additionally, \u5bb6 can be added to designate a school of thought. For example: \u5112\u5bb6 (Rúji\u0101, Confucianism), \u9053\u5bb6 (Dàoji\u0101, Daoism), \u767e\u5bb6\u4e89\u9e23 (b\u01ceiji\u0101zh\u0113ngmíng, 100 schools of thought contend), and \u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u8a00 (y\u012bji\u0101zh\u012byán, one particular school of thought).<\/div>\n
“\u5bb6”\u5b57\u4e5f\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7ecf\u8425\u67d0\u79cd\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u5bb6\u6216\u8005\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6e14\u5bb6\u3001\u519c\u5bb6\u3001\u4e1c\u5bb6\u3001\u5e97\u5bb6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002”\u6e14\u5bb6”\u662f\u4ee5\u6355\u9c7c\u4e3a\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u5bb6\uff0c”\u519c\u5bb6”\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4eba\u5bb6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u5b66\u672f\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e5f\u79f0\u505a”\u5bb6”\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u3001\u9053\u5bb6\u3001\u767e\u5bb6\u4e89\u9e23\u3001\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u8a00\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bb6 is also used to express a person who has mastered a specialized area of knowledge or a specific activity, like \u4e13\u5bb6 (zhu\u0101nji\u0101, expert), \u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 (k\u0113xuéji\u0101, scientist), \u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6 (shèhuì huódòng ji\u0101, social activist), \u753b\u5bb6 (huàji\u0101, artist), \u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6 (y\u012bnyuè ji\u0101, musician), and \u821e\u8e48\u5bb6 (w\u01d4d\u01ceo ji\u0101, dancer). The \u5175\u5bb6 in the expression \u80dc\u8d25\u4e43\u5175\u5bb6\u5e38\u4e8b (Shèng bài n\u01cei b\u012bngji\u0101 chángshì, victory and defeat are common in military operations) refers to someone who has mastered military affairs.<\/div>\n
“\u5bb6”\u5b57\u8fd8\u8868\u793a\u638c\u63e1\u4e13\u95e8\u5b66\u8bc6\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u4e8b\u67d0\u79cd\u4e13\u95e8\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u753b\u5bb6\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u5bb6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684”\u80dc\u8d25\u4e43\u5175\u5bb6\u5e38\u4e8b”\u7684”\u5175\u5bb6”\u5c31\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u519b\u4e8b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u7528\u5175\u6253\u4ed7\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

Sometimes, as a way of showing respect, people will call experts \u5927\u5bb6 (dàji\u0101). For example, you might say that somebody is a calligraphy \u5927\u5bb6, or somebody is a literary \u5927\u5bb6. Here, we must be careful not to confuse this \u5927\u5bb6 with the \u5927\u5bb6 that’s used to mean “everybody,” as in “\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u5b89\u9759.” (Q\u01d0ng dàji\u0101 \u0101njìng. “Please be quiet, everyone.”)<\/div>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u5c0a\u656c\uff0c\u628a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u79f0\u505a”\u5927\u5bb6”\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8bf4\u67d0\u4eba\u662f\u4e66\u6cd5\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u5927\u5bb6\u3002\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5f53\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u8868\u793a\u8457\u540d\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684”\u5927\u5bb6”\uff0c\u8bef\u89e3\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u5e38\u8bf4”\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u5b89\u9759”\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684”\u5927\u5bb6”\u3002<\/div><\/p>\n