{"id":19396,"date":"2020-02-08T21:15:05","date_gmt":"2020-02-08T21:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/masters-and-philosophers-zibu-zi-bu-2\/"},"modified":"2020-02-08T21:15:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-08T21:15:05","slug":"masters-and-philosophers-zibu-zi-bu-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/masters-and-philosophers-zibu-zi-bu-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Masters and philosophers (zibu \u5b50\u90e8)"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<p>  \tThe category of &quot;masters and philosophers&quot; (zibu \u5b50\u90e8) is the third of the four traditional categories (sibu \u56db\u90e8) into which Chinese literature was divided. The writings assembled in this category are quite heterogenous. Some are philosophical, others scientific, and a third part is a loose aggregation of descriptive notes. The term zi \u5b50 is therefore not very easy to translate. The &quot;masters and philosophers&quot; were, during the Han period\u6c49 (206 BCE-220 CE), divided into Confucians (rujia \u5112\u5bb6), Mohists (mojia\u58a8\u5bb6), sophists (mingjia \u540d\u5bb6), legalists (fajia \u6cd5\u5bb6), Yin-Yang thinkers(yinyangjia \u9634\u9633\u5bb6), theoreticians of the Five Progresses (wuxingjia \u4e94\u884c\u5bb6),Daoists (daojia \u9053\u5bb6), coalition advisors (zonghengjia \u7eb5\u6a2a\u5bb6), miscellaneous thinkers (zajia \u6742\u5bb6), agriculturalists (nongjia \u519c\u5bb6) and novelists orstorytellers (xiaoshuojia \u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6). Military theoreticians (bingjia \u5175\u5bb6) were in the beginning seen as a different group. With the growing amount of books written, the categories of astronomy and astrology (tianwen \u5929\u6587),mathematics and calendar (lishu \u5386\u6570), as well as medical treatises (yifang\u533b\u65b9) had to be incorporated into the literary categories. Technical skills were from the Tang period \u5510 (618-907) on also part of the masters category. Later on, Buddhism was not any more a foreign religion, but Chinese monks started compiling Chinese treatises on Buddhism. At the same time the corpus of religious Daoist writings grew abundantly. The writings of the two religions had therefore also to be considered. Under the dominance of Confucian scholars, the two were always put at the end of the masters category and included only the most important writings. Thecollectaneum Siku quanshu \u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66 includes 2,984 books in this category.<\/p>\n<table border=\"3\" cellpadding=\"3\" cellspacing=\"1\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u5112\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Rujia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tConfucian treatises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u5175\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Bingjia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tMilitary treatises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u6cd5\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Fajia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tLegalist treatises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u8fb2\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Nongjia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tAgricultural treatises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u91ab\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Yijia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tMedical treatises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u5929\u6587\u7b97\u6cd5<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Tianwen suanfa<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tAstronomical and mathematical treatises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u8853\u6578<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Shushu<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tDivination books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u85dd\u8853<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Yishu<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tTreatises on art<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u8b5c\u9304<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Pulu<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tScientific treatises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u96dc\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Zajia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tMiscellaneous treatises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u985e\u66f8<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Leishu<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tEncyclopedias<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Xiaoshuojia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tNovels and stories<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u91cb\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Shijia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tBuddhists<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u9053\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Daojia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tDaoists<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<div align=\"center\">  \t\t\t\t\t<strong>Other representatives of the &quot;Hundred Schools&quot;<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u58a8\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Mojia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tMohists &rarr;&nbsp;Miscellaneous treatises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u7e31\u6a6b\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Zonghengjia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tCoalition advisors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u540d\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Mingjia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tSophists or Dialecticians<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u694a\u6731<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tYang Zhu<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tThe school of Yang Zhu, Yangists, hedonists or egoists<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u9670\u967d\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Yinyangjia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tYin-Yang thinkers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u4e94\u884c\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Wuxingjia<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tThe theoreticians of the Five Progresses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u9ec3\u8001\u5b78\u6d3e<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Huang-Lao xuepai<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tThe School of Huang-Lao thought<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u7a37\u4e0b\u5b78\u6d3e<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Jixia xuepai<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tScholars of the Jixia Academy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u5b8b\u5c39\u5b78\u6d3e<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Song-Yin xuepai<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tThe school of Song Xing and Yin Wen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t\u7ba1\u4ef2\u5b78\u6d3e<\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\t<em>Guan Zhong xuepai<\/em><\/td>\n<td>  \t\t\t\tThe school of of Guan Zhong<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"chine-tie-zi-nei-rong-zhi-hou\" id=\"chine-3799196308\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1889418300638825\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1889418300638825\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7273022922\" \ndata-ad-layout-key=\"-gw-3+1f-3d+2z\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The category of &quot;masters and philosophers&quot; (zibu \u5b50\u90e8) is the third of the four traditional categories (sibu \u56db\u90e8) into which Chinese literature was divided. The writings assembled in this category are quite heterogenous. Some are philosophical, others scientific, and a third part is a loose aggregation of descriptive notes. The term zi \u5b50 is therefore not very easy to translate. The &quot;masters and philosophers&quot; were, during the Han period\u6c49 (206 BCE-220 CE), divided into Confucians (rujia \u5112\u5bb6), Mohists (mojia\u58a8\u5bb6), sophists (mingjia \u540d\u5bb6), legalists (fajia \u6cd5\u5bb6), Yin-Yang thinkers(yinyangjia \u9634\u9633\u5bb6), theoreticians of the Five Progresses (wuxingjia \u4e94\u884c\u5bb6),Daoists (daojia \u9053\u5bb6), coalition advisors (zonghengjia \u7eb5\u6a2a\u5bb6), miscellaneous thinkers (zajia \u6742\u5bb6), agriculturalists (nongjia \u519c\u5bb6) and novelists orstorytellers (xiaoshuojia \u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6). Military theoreticians (bingjia \u5175\u5bb6) were in the beginning seen as a different group. With the growing amount of books written, the categories of astronomy and astrology (tianwen \u5929\u6587),mathematics and calendar (lishu \u5386\u6570), as well as medical treatises (yifang\u533b\u65b9) had to be incorporated into the literary categories. Technical skills were from the Tang period \u5510 (618-907) on also part of the masters category. Later on, Buddhism was not any more a foreign religion, but Chinese monks started compiling Chinese treatises on Buddhism. At the same time the corpus of religious Daoist writings grew abundantly. The writings of the two religions had therefore also to be considered. Under the dominance of Confucian scholars, the two were always put at the end of the masters category and included only the most important writings. Thecollectaneum Siku quanshu \u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66 includes 2,984 books in this category.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2877,9],"tags":[43],"class_list":["post-19396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chinese-classics","category-chinese-culture","tag-chinese-literature"],"views":313,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19396"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19396\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}