{"id":3444,"date":"2019-11-16T06:49:33","date_gmt":"2019-11-16T06:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/the-temple-of-heaven-in-beijing-bei-jing-tian-tan\/"},"modified":"2019-11-16T06:49:33","modified_gmt":"2019-11-16T06:49:33","slug":"the-temple-of-heaven-in-beijing-bei-jing-tian-tan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/the-temple-of-heaven-in-beijing-bei-jing-tian-tan\/","title":{"rendered":"The Temple of Heaven in Beijing \u5317\u4eac\u5929\u575b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The Temple of Heaven is located in the southeast of the Gate of Heavenly Peace in Beijing. First built in the 18th year during the reign of Yongle, Ming Dynasty (1420 A. D.), it was originally called The Altar of Heaven and Earth, wher emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties offered sacrifice to gods of heaven and earth. In the 9th years during the reign of Jiajing, Ming Dynasty, the Temple of Earth for worshipping the god of earth was co<\/em>nstructed in the northern suburb of Beijing. Consequently, this place became a venue for offering sacrifice to heaven and praying for a bumper harvest and was thus renamed into the Temple of Heaven.
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The co<\/em>nstruction and design of the Temple of Heaven were meticulous and exquisite: the two altars of heavenly mount and prayer for harvest were co<\/em>nstructed in one garden. The altar of heavenly mount is located in the south and is for worshipping heaven while the altar of prayer for harvest is situated in the north and is a place for praying for a bumper harvest. According to the idea of ancient people, the structure of heaven and earth should be "round heaven and square earth". Therefore, the plan view of the wall is square in the south, signifying earth and round in the north, signifying heaven while the wall is also known as Wall of Heaven and Earth. The main structure of the Temple of Heaven is basically on the south-north axis, including the two altars. Each unit was surrounded by a wall and each was co<\/em>nnected to the other by a stone bridge that was 360m long and 30m wide.
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The main structure of the Temple of Heaven is the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest. Each year, the emperor would hold sacrifice-offering ceremo<\/em>nies praying for fine weather and good harvest. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is a magnificent triple-gabled circular pavilion, 32m in diameter and 38m in height, built with a golden top and dark-blue roof of glazed tile. Inside, the nine-dragon caisson ceiling is exquisite, splendid and magnificent. The hall is of a unique structure built with no big beams or long purlins. The eaves rest on columns and rafters with four columns being 19.2m in center to symbolize the four seasons in a year and 12 columns in each row (two rows in total) outside to represent the twelve mo<\/em>nths and the twelve watches in day. The big hall was built on the six-meter-high, three-tier terrace of white marble, inspiring a sense of grandiosity.
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The Palace of Fast is inside the West Gate of Heaven, serving as a place of ablution and fast for the emperor before offering sacrifice to heaven. There are two rows of royal gutters outside the palace, and 163-unit circular corridor around the palace. On the platform of the main hall, there are a pavilion of bro<\/em>nze figure for fast and a pavilion of hour-tablets. The bro<\/em>nze figure holds the tablet of fast, which was cast allegedly after the distinguished official Wei Zheng of Tang Dynasty. In the bell tower in the northeast corner is hanging a bell of supreme harmony cast during the reign of Emperor Yo<\/em>ngle in the Ming Dynasty. When the sacrifice is a<\/em>bout to start, the emperor sets out from the Palace of Fast and the bells begin ringing and when His Majesty gets to the Altar of Circular Mount, the ringing ends. When the ceremony is over, the bells ring again, the reso<\/em>nant ringing adding to the grandeur and majesty of the event.
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Grand and magnificent, the Temple of Heaven occupies an area of 2.7 million square meters, looming as the largest ancient co<\/em>nstruction complex for sacrifice now existing in China. Its meticulous layout, unique structure, and pompous décor are all well-known in the world. It is not o<\/em>nly an im<\/em>portant masterwork in the Chinese history of architecture but also a rare relic among the world’s art of architecture.
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