{"id":3532,"date":"2019-11-19T23:09:41","date_gmt":"2019-11-19T23:09:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/ancient-bridges-of-china-zhong-guo-gu-dai-qiao-liang\/"},"modified":"2019-11-19T23:09:41","modified_gmt":"2019-11-19T23:09:41","slug":"ancient-bridges-of-china-zhong-guo-gu-dai-qiao-liang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/ancient-bridges-of-china-zhong-guo-gu-dai-qiao-liang\/","title":{"rendered":"Ancient Bridges of China \u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6865\u6881"},"content":{"rendered":"
Ancient Chinese bridges (zh\u014dng guó g\u01d4 dài qiáo liáng \u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6865\u6881) are universally acknowledged and have enjoyed high prestige in the bridge history of both the East and the West. Throughout history, the Chinese nation has erected thousands of ingeniously designed and magnificent bridges. Crossing over mountains, spanning rivers, they have facilitated transportation, beautified landscapes and have become one of the marks of ancient Chinese civilization.<\/p>\n

Types of bridges
Ancient Chinese bridges can be classified under four categories: the beam (liáng qiáo \u6881\u6865), arch (g\u01d2ng qiáo \u62f1\u6865), cable suspension (su\u01d2 qiáo \u7d22\u6865) and floating bridges (fú qiáo \u6d6e\u6865).<\/p>\n

beam bridge
   
Beam Bridge (liáng qiáo \u6881\u6865): A Beam Bridge is in structural terms the simplest of the many bridge types. Like most bridges that are characterized by how they are supported, beam bridges co<\/em>nsist of one horizo<\/em>ntal beam (héng liáng \u6a2a\u6881) with 2 supports usually on either end.
arch bridge
   
Arch Bridge (g\u01d2ng qiáo \u62f1\u6865): An Arch Bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizo<\/em>ntal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side.
 
cable suspension bridge
   
Cable Suspension Bridge (su\u01d2 qiáo \u7d22\u6865): A Suspension Bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders.  The weight is transferred by the cables to the towers, which in turn transfer the weight to the ground.
floating bridge
   
Floating Bridge (fú qiáo \u6d6e\u6865): A Po<\/em>ntoon Bridge or Floating Bridge is a bridge that floats on water, supported by barge-or-boat-like po<\/em>ntoons to support the bridge deck and its dynamic loads. Po<\/em>ntoon bridges are especially useful in wartime as river crossings.
 <\/p>\n

The Four Most Famous Bridges
Luoyang Bridge (luò yang qiáo \u6d1b\u9633\u6865):
The Luoyang Bridge lies over the Luoyang River, which divides Quanzhou City (quán zh\u014du shì \u6cc9\u5dde\u5e02) and Hui’an County (huái \u0101n xiàn \u6dee\u5b89\u53bf), 10 kilometers east of Quanzhou City in Fujian Province (fú jiàn sh\u011bng \u798f\u5efa\u7701). Luoyang Bridge, also known as Wan’an Bridge (wàn \u0101n qiáo \u4e07\u5b89\u6865), is a girder-type stone bridge. Its co<\/em>nstruction began in 1053 during the Northern Song Dynasty (b\u011bi sòng \u5317\u5b8b) (960-1127) and lasted seven years. The original bridge was over 1,200 meters long and five meters wide, with 46 piers, 500 railings, 28 stone lions, seven pavilions and nine stone pagodas. The bridge was listed among other famous girder stone bridges in ancient China.<\/p>\n

 luoyang bridge
   
 zhaozhou bridge
Luoyang Bridge (luò yang qiáo \u6d1b\u9633\u6865)
   
Zhaozhou Bridge (zhào zh\u014du qiáo \u8d75\u5dde\u6865)<\/p>\n

Zhaozhou Bridge (zhào zh\u014du qiáo \u8d75\u5dde\u6865):
The oldest arch bridge in China, which is still surviving and well-preserved, is the Anji Bridge (\u0101n jì qiáo \u5b89\u6d4e\u6865) also known as the Zhaozhou Bridge, at Zhou County (zhào xiàn \u8d75\u53bf), Hebei Province (héb\u011bi sh\u011bng \u6cb3\u5317\u7701). Built in the Sui Dynasty (suí cháo \u968b\u671d), It is a single segmental stone arch, composed of 28 individual arches bo<\/em>nded transversely, 37.02m in span and rising 7.23m above the chord line. Narrower in the upper part and wider in the lower, the bridge averages 9m in width. The main arch ring is 1.03m thick with protective arch sto<\/em>nes on it. Each of its spandrels is perforated by two small arches, 3.8m and 2.85m respectively in clear span, so that flood water can be drained and the bridge weight is lightened as well. The Anji Bridge has a segmental deck and the parapets are engraved with dragons and other animals. Its co<\/em>nstruction started in A.D. 595 and was completed in A.D. 605. Up to now it has survived for 1387 years.<\/p>\n

Guangzi Bridge (gu\u01ceng jì qiáo \u5e7f\u6d4e\u6865):
Guangzi Bridge (literally Great Charity Bridge), also known as Siangze Bridge (xi\u0101ng z\u01d0 qiáo \u6e58\u5b50\u6865) is situated at east urban Chaozhou (cháo zh\u014du \u6f6e\u5dde), China. The Hang River (hán ji\u0101ng \u97e9\u6c5f) has been crossed by the Guangzi Bridge for over 800 years. The old bridge was the first opening bridge in the world.
The Guangzi was originally a boat bridge built in 1170 AD in Southern Song Dynasty (nán sòng \u5357\u5b8b) with the length of 518 metres (1,700 ft). Later co<\/em>nstruction of piers and f<\/em>ramework started from both banks of the river on which it was moored, and a full 200 years later the Guangzi Bridge, a floating section of 18 supporting wooden boats in between two beamed sections, was completed. When necessary the floating section can be disco<\/em>nnected for the passage of big boats, an innovation that set a precedent in bridge-building history. There are two iron cows standing at both ends of the bridge, in the hope of protecting the bridge from the flood damage. A feature that makes the bridge particularly outstanding is that its two beamed sections resemble waterside streets with 24 different styles’ pavilions and towers on the 24 piers for doing business, which become a special view on the bridge.<\/p>\n

 guangzi bridge
   
 lugou bridge
Guangzi Bridge (gu\u01ceng jì qiáo \u5e7f\u6d4e\u6865)
   
Lugou Bridge (lú g\u014du qiáo \u5362\u6c9f\u6865)<\/p>\n

Lugou Bridge (lú g\u014du qiáo \u5362\u6c9f\u6865):
The Lugou Bridge across the Youngding River (y\u01d2ng dìng hé \u6c38\u5b9a\u6cb3) is located at Wanping County (w\u01cen píng xiàn \u5b9b\u5e73\u53bf), 15 kilometers away from Guang’anmen (gu\u01ceng \u0101n mén \u5e7f\u5b89\u95e8), Beijing. The project began in A.D. 1188 and was completed in A. D. 1192 of the Jin Dynasty (j\u012bn cháo \u91d1\u671d). 212.2 meters long, 9.3 meters wide, it has 11 semicircular arches, ranging from 11.4 meters to 13.45 meters in span. The piers are from 6.5 meters to 7.9 meters wide; their pointed cutwaters upstream are inlaid with triangular iron bars, while the downstream sides are square in shape but without two angles. The parapets are divided into 269 sections with columns in-between, each column crowned with a carved lion.
When the bridge was first erected in the Jin Dynasty, all the lions were alike and very simple, but through the ages they were replaced each time by better ones, more delicately carved and different in style. Now, each lion has its individual posture. And more fascinating are the lion cubs. They are playing around their parents, clinging to the breast, squatting on the shoulder, nestling at the feet, or licking the face. These exquisite sculptures on the bridge and on the ornamental columns, which show the practical application of the aesthetic principle of unity and variation, have become a scene of attraction.<\/p>\n

Another Version:
Jihong Bridge (jì hóng qiáo \u9701\u8679\u6865):
jihong bridgeThere is another version that the Jihong Bridge, instead of Lugou Bridge, is one of the four most famous bridges in ancient times. The Jihong Bridge at Yo<\/em>ngping County (y\u01d2ng píng xiàn \u6c38\u5e73\u53bf), Yunnan Province (yún nián sh\u011bng \u4e91\u5357\u7701) is the oldest and broadest bridge with the most iron chains in China today. Spanning the Lanchang River (lán c\u0101ng ji\u0101ng \u6f9c\u6ca7\u6c5f), it is 113.4 meters long, 4.1 meters wide and 57.3 meters in clear span. The extant chain bridge was co<\/em>nstructed in the year of 1475 and was named "Jihong Bridge". There are 16 bottom chains and a hand rail chain on each side. Every chain has 176 l<\/em>inks, each 0.33 meters long and 3.9 kilograms in weight. The surface is paved with wooden boards for travelers’ passage. The bridge is situated on the ancient road leading to India and Burma. The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo and the Ming Dynasty’s (míng cháo \u660e\u671d) traveller Xu Xiake(xú xiá kè \u5f90\u971e\u5ba2) as well as the Ming Dynasty’s Emperor Yo<\/em>ngli (y\u01d2ng lì huáng dì \u6c38\u5386\u7687\u5e1d) all visited this bridge. It is also called the First Bridge in Southwest China, having rather high value for the study of the history of bridge co<\/em>nstruction in this country.<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6865\u6881
      \u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6865\u6881\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u6210\u5c31\u4e3e\u4e16\u77a9\u76ee\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u6865\u6881\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5360\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e16\u4eba\u6240\u516c\u8ba4\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u957f\u6cb3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e86\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u534e\u590f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002
      \u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6865\u6881\u4e0d\u5916\u6881\u3001\u62f1\u3001\u7d22\u3001\u6d6e\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u3002yo<\/em>ngji bridge
      \u6881\u6865\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6700\u666e\u904d\u3001\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u53e4\u65f6\u79f0\u4f5c\u5e73\u6865\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5916\u5f62\u5e73\u76f4\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5efa\u9020\u3002\u628a\u6728\u5934\u6216\u77f3\u6881\u67b6\u8bbe\u5728\u6c9f\u8c37\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u4e24\u5cb8\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u6881\u6865\u3002
      \u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u62f1\u6865\u59cb\u5efa\u4e8e\u4e1c\u6c49\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u516b\u767e\u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u4f38\u81c2\u6728\u77f3\u6881\u6865\u3001\u6491\u67b6\u6865\u7b49\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53c8\u53d7\u5893\u62f1\u3001\u6c34\u7ba1\u3001\u57ce\u95e8\u7b49\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u62f1\u6865\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u627f\u91cd\u6784\u4ef6\u7684\u5916\u5f62\u90fd\u662f\u66f2\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53e4\u65f6\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u66f2\u6865\u3002
      \u7d22\u6865\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u540a\u6865\u3001\u7ef3\u6865\u3001\u60ac\u7d22\u6865\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u7af9\u7d22\u6216\u85e4\u7d22\u3001\u94c1\u7d22\u7b49\u4e3a\u9aa8\u5e72\u76f8\u62fc\u60ac\u540a\u8d77\u7684\u5927\u6865\u3002\u53e4\u4e66\u4e0a\u79f0\u4e3a\u7d59\u6865\u3001\u7b2e\u6865\u3001\u7ef3\u6865\u3002\u591a\u5efa\u4e8e\u6c34\u6d41\u6025\u4e0d\u6613\u505a\u6865\u58a9\u7684\u9661\u5cb8\u9669\u8c37\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5efa\u4e8e\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u3002\u5176\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u5cb8\u5efa\u5c4b\uff0c\u5c4b\u5185\u5404\u8bbe\u7cfb\u7ef3\u7684\u7acb\u67f1\u548c\u7ede\u7ef3\u7684\u8f6c\u67f1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u7c97\u7ef3\u7d22\u82e5\u5e72\u6839\u5e73\u94fa\u7cfb\u7d27\uff0c\u518d\u5728\u7ef3\u7d22\u4e0a\u6a2a\u94fa\u6728\u677f\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5728\u4e24\u4fa7\u8fd8\u52a0\u4e00\u81f3\u4e24\u6839\u7ef3\u7d22\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6276\u680f\u3002\u56fd\u5916\u4e0d\u5c11\u6865\u6881\u4e13\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7d22\u6865\u9996\u521b\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\uff0c\u6307\u51fa“\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u7ea6\u57283000\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u9020\u540a\u6865”\u3002
      \u6d6e\u6865\u53e4\u65f6\u79f0\u4e3a\u821f\u6881\u3002\u5b83\u7528\u8239\u821f\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6865\u58a9\uff0c\u6545\u6709“\u6d6e\u822a”\u3001“\u6d6e\u6841”\u3001“\u821f\u6865”\u4e4b\u79f0\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u6865\u6881\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6d6e\u6865\u67b6\u8bbe\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u6210\u6865\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5e38\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53c8\u79f0“\u6218\u6865”\u3002\u6d6e\u6865\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u5927\u578b\u6865\u6881\u7684\u5148\u8f88\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u8239\u6e21\u6cb3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5411\u5efa\u9020\u56fa\u5b9a\u5f0f\u6865\u6881\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4ecb\u4e8e\u8239\u548c\u6865\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6e21\u6cb3\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\u56db\u5927\u540d\u6865
      \u8d75\u5dde\u6865
      \u8d75\u5dde\u6865\u53c8\u79f0“\u5b89\u6d4e\u6865”\uff0c\u5728\u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u8d75\u53bf\u57ce\u53572.5\u516c\u91cc\u5904\uff0c\u5b83\u6a2a\u8de8\u6d28\u6c34\u5357\u5317\u4e24\u5cb8\uff0c\u5efa\u4e8e\u968b\u671d\u5927\u4e1ashiqikong bridge\u5e74\u95f4\uff08605-616\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u8457\u540d\u5320\u5e08\u674e\u6625\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u8ddd\u4eca\u5df2\u67091300\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u56e0\u6865\u4f53\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u77f3\u6599\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0“\u5927\u77f3\u6865”\u3002
      \u6d1b\u9633\u6865
      \u6d1b\u9633\u6865\uff0c\u539f\u540d“\u4e07\u5b89\u6865”\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u5b58\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8de8\u6d77\u6881\u5f0f\u5927\u77f3\u6865\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u798f\u5efa\u7701\u6cc9\u5dde\u4e1c\u90ca\u7684\u6d1b\u9633\u6c5f\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6865\u6881\u7b4f\u5f62\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u91cd\u70b9\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u636e\u53f2\u6599\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u521d\u5efa\u65f6\u6865\u957f\u4e09\u767e\u516d\u5341\u4e08\uff0c\u5bbd\u4e00\u4e08\u4e94\u5c3a\uff0c\u6b66\u58eb\u9020\u50cf\u5206\u7acb\u4e24\u65c1\u3002\u9020\u6865\u5de5\u7a0b\u89c4\u6a21\u5de8\u5927\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u5de5\u827a\u6280\u672f\u9ad8\u8d85\uff0c\u540d\u9707\u56db\u6d77\u3002\u6d1b\u9633\u6865\u7684\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u6865\u6881\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002
      \u5e7f\u6d4e\u6865
      \u5e7f\u6d4e\u6865\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u6f6e\u5dde\u5e02\u53e4\u57ce\u4e1c\u95e8\u5916\u3002\u6a2a\u8de8\u6d69\u701a\u7684\u97e9\u6c5f\uff0c\u5c45\u95fd\u7ca4\u4ea4\u901a\u8981\u6d25\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176“\u5341\u516b\u68ad\u8239\u5eff\u56db\u6d32”\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u88ab\u8457\u540d\u6865\u6881\u4e13\u5bb6\u8305\u4ee5\u5347\u8a89\u4e3a“\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u542f\u95ed\u5f0f\u6865\u6881”\u3002\u8be5\u6865\u96c6\u6881\u6865\u3001\u62f1\u6865\u3001\u6d6e\u6865\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u6865\u6881\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5b64\u4f8b\u3002\u6865\u58a9\u4e0a\u5efa\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u5404\u5f02\u7684\u5eff\u56db\u5bf9\u4ead\u53f0\u697c\u9601\uff0c\u517c\u4f5c\u7ecf\u5546\u5e97\u94fa\uff0c\u6545\u6709“\u5eff\u56db\u697c\u53f0\u5eff\u56db\u6837”\u3001“\u4e00\u91cc\u957f\u6865\u4e00\u91cc\u5e02”\u4e4b\u7f8e\u79f0\u3002
      \u5362\u6c9f\u6865
      \u5362\u6c9f\u6865\u4ea6\u4f5c\u82a6\u6c9f\u6865\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u897f\u5357\u7ea615\u516c\u91cc\u4e30\u53f0\u533a\u6c38\u5b9a\u6cb3\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u73b0\u5b58\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u77f3\u9020\u8054\u62f1\u6865\u3002\u6c38\u5b9a\u6cb3\u65e7\u79f0\u5362\u6c9f\u6cb3\uff0c\u6865\u4ea6\u4ee5\u5362\u6c9f\u547d\u540d\u3002\u59cb\u5efa\u4e8e\u91d1\u5927\u5b9a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081189\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u660e\u6b63\u7edf\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081444\u5e74\uff09\u91cd\u4fee\u3002\u6e05\u5eb7\u7199\u65f6\u6bc1\u4e8e\u6d2a\u6c34\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081698\u5e74\uff09\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u6c38\u5b9a\u6cb3\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u6c34\u4e86\u3002\u5362\u6c9f\u6865\u5168\u957f267\u7c73\uff0c\u5bbd7.6\u7c73\uff0c\u6700\u5bbd\u5904\u53ef\u8fbe9.5\u7c73\u3002\u6709\u6865\u58a9\u5341\u5ea7\uff0c\u517111\u5b54\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6865\u4f53\u90fd\u662f\u77f3\u7ed3xihu bridge\u6784\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u4f4d\u5747\u6709\u94f6\u952d\u94c1\u69ab\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e3a\u534e\u5317\u6700\u957f\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u77f3\u6865\u3002\u5929\u4e0b\u540d\u6865\u5404\u64c5\u80dc\u573a\uff0c\u800c\u5362\u6c9f\u6865\u5374\u4ee5\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u5efa\u6865\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u77f3\u72ee\u96d5\u523b\u72ec\u6807\u98ce\u97f5\uff0c\u8a89\u6ee1\u4e2d\u5916\uff0c\u5b9e\u5c5e\u53e4\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u5927\u5947\u89c2\u3002
      \u9701\u8679\u6865\uff08\u56db\u5927\u540d\u6865\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff09
      \u5728\u8ddd\u4fdd\u5c71\u5e0250\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u6f9c\u6ca7\u6c5f\u7554\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u57d4\u5357\u53e4\u9053\u5170\u6d25\u6e21\u53e3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u660e\u6210\u5316\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff08\u516c\u51431475\u5e74\uff09\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u9701\u8679\u94c1\u7d22\u6865\u3002\u6b64\u6865\u7528\u94c1\u94fe\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5176\u957f\u7ea6106\u7c73\uff0c\u5bbd3.5\u7c73\uff0c\u9ad820\u591a\u7c73\uff0c\u8de8\u5f84\u4e3a60\u7c73\uff0c\u6240\u7528\u94c1\u94fe15\u6839\uff0c\u7ede\u94fe176\u6263\uff0c\u94c1\u94fe\u73af\u6263\u6bcf\u6263\u957f\u4e00\u5e02\u5c3a\uff0c\u91cd\u4e03\u516b\u5e02\u65a4\u3002\u6865\u9762\u94fa\u57ab\u6a2a\u76f4\u4e24\u5c42\u6728\u677f\u901a\u884c\u3002\u7ecf\u6709\u5173\u4e13\u5bb6\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u9701\u8679\u6865\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u94c1\u7d22\u6865\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u6b64\u6865\u662f“\u8700\u8eab\u6bd2\u9053”\u7684\u8981\u51b2\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u4e0e\u7f05\u7538\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u4e43\u81f3\u897f\u4e9a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u901a\u9053\u3002

<\/div>\n