{"id":6101,"date":"2019-11-17T05:37:38","date_gmt":"2019-11-17T05:37:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/miao-nationality-lushengwu-miao-zu-lu-sheng-wu\/"},"modified":"2019-11-17T05:37:38","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T05:37:38","slug":"miao-nationality-lushengwu-miao-zu-lu-sheng-wu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/miao-nationality-lushengwu-miao-zu-lu-sheng-wu\/","title":{"rendered":"Miao nationality lushengwu \u82d7\u65cf\u82a6\u7b19\u821e"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2006\u5e74
Time: 2006
\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a\u6c11\u95f4\u821e\u8e48
Category: Folk Dance
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Region: Guizhou Province
\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a\u2162-23
Ref. No.: III-23
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The Lushengwu, also known by names including cailusheng and caigetang, ect, derives its name from the lusheng, an instrument used by the dancers in accompaniment to the dance. It is the most popular and most widely distributed folk dance among southern ethnic minorities and can be seen in areas with Miao, Dong, Buyi, Shui, Gelo, Zhuang, Yao and other ethnic minorities across Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan and other regions. Analysis of unearthed Western Han Dynasty lusheng music and dance figurines has proven Lushengwu’s over two thousand years of history. Lushengwu is usually performed at New Year festivals, gatherings, celebrations, and other festive occasions. Lushengwu can be divided into three types: those for entertainment, for competition, and of ritual.
\u82a6\u7b19\u821e•\u9526\u9e21\u821e
Lushengwu-jinji wu (golden pheasant dance)
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Nominating Unit[s]: Danzhai County, Guizhou Province
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The jinji wu originated in Paidiao Town in Danzhai County, Guizhou. It is popular in the Ganao branch of the Miao ethnic group among the people in the Miao villages of Yahui and So<\/em>nglong etc in rural territories of Paidiao, Yegai, Jiapei, Dangzao, Maniao, Yangxian, Yanggao, Yedu and Yahui, wher they wear Maniao-style miniskirts. According to legends, the ancestors of this branch of the Miao ethnic group at early time lived on the great eastern plains, later moved to a place called Zhan’aoduishe by a beach, and yet again, due to flood disaster, moved upstream to Danzhai. After settling in Danzhai, the Miao ancestors began farming and hunting to survive. The golden pheasant (jinji), which played a part in allowing them to obtain millet seeds and avoid starvation, became a symbol of good fortune. As a result, they dress themselves in the image of a golden pheasant and imitate the courtship dance of the golden pheasant with the Lusheng.
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The jinji wu is the main dance form performed during the sacrificial ceremony o<\/em>nce every 12 years. It is also often performed during folk wedding ceremonies, ceremo<\/em>nies welcoming guests, and “moon dances” for the youth. The lusheng accompanies the jinji wu, and the women, with towering red hair decorated with silver golden pheasant accessories, wear very short, pleated, embroidered skirts, full sets of silver necklaces and bracelets, and embroidered shoes with up-turned tips to look as beautiful as the golden pheasant. The men play the lusheng and lead; the women follow, dancing along in a circle counter-clockwise. Keeping pace with the tempo of the lusheng’s melody, the women’s silver golden pheasant hair accessories leap and flap as if they were eager to fly; silver angled crowns nod and shake. By their feet, ribbons flitter and glitter; the pure white feathers of the pleated skirts fly and flow, up and down, to and fro. They dance with grace, steps light, exactly like the golden pheasant in its work and play. Three-step, four-step, and seven-step movements are all parts of the dance, but it is mainly a four-step dance, with a six-step turn, which in addition to the natural rocking of the waist and knees, are the principal characteristics of the dance. Dancers’ knees naturally tremble with each step of the dance. The dance requires more movement of the legs than of the arms, and both hands naturally open, leisurely swaying. When many people are involved, the players of the lusheng dance play in the middle of a dancing circle of women. There are many lusheng tunes for the folk jinji wu—more than a hundred lively, fluid and beautiful melodies.
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The jinji wu, a brilliant wild flower among folk dances, is an ex<\/em>pression of the Miao people’s gentle and refined character; their close, harmo<\/em>nious relatio<\/em>nship with nature; and their ancient and magnificent pursuit of beauty.
\u82a6\u7b19\u821e•\u9f13\u9f99\u9f13\u864e-\u957f\u886b\u9f99
Lushengwu • Gulongguhu-changshanlong
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Nominating Unit[s]: Guiding County, Guizhou Province
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The gulongguhu-changshanlong pro<\/em>nounces “Darongdazu—Arong” in the Miao language, is a form of Lushengwu with over a thousand years of history, unique to Gusa Village, Xinpu Township, Guiding County in the Miao ethnic minority area of Xiaohua at the foot of the Miaoling Mountains in Guizhou Province. According to records in the famous Ming Dynasty History of the Great Song Dynasty Restoration by Xiong Damu, during the Song Dynasty, Hei Manlong, ennobled as the Dragon &Tiger General, followed Yue Fei into the battle against Jin and made many contributions. After Yue Fei and his sons were killed in Fengbo Pavilion, Hei Manlong “grieved for days and died of refusing to eat.” Later people took the dance of gulongguhu-changshanlong, passed down through generations, to commemorate this Miao hero.
\u957f\u886b\u9f99\u8fd9\u79cd\u82d7\u65cf\u82a6\u7b19\u821e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ec5\u5728\u4e27\u846c\u548c\u796d\u5be8\u795e\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u6bcf\u9022\u91cd\u5927\u8282\u65e5\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u5a5a\u5ac1\u3001\u7acb\u623f\u3001\u8df3\u6708\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u6c11\u65cf\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u8981\u8868\u6f14\u6b64\u821e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f00\u5c55\u5a31\u4e50\u7ade\u8d5b\u3001\u589e\u8fdb\u60c5\u8c0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6d3b\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u821e\u7528\u4e8e\u4e27\u846c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8e\u51fa\u6ba1\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u6700\u524d\u5217\u8868\u6f14\uff1b\u7528\u4e8e\u796d\u5be8\u795e\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u4e8e\u9633\u5386\u4e8c\u6708\u521d\u4e00\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u5728\u6740\u725b\u796d\u7956\u8e29\u573a\u4e4b\u9645\u8868\u6f14\uff1b\u7528\u4e8e\u7acb\u623f\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u8e29\u5c4b\u57fa\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\uff1b\u7528\u4e8e\u8df3\u6708\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u591a\u5728\u6b63\u6708\u521d\u4e00\u81f3\u4e09\u5341\u7684“\u8df3\u6708\u573a”\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u8868\u6f14\u3002\u957f\u886b\u9f99\u5305\u62ec\u7537\u5b50\u53cc\u4eba\u821e\u3001\u56db\u4eba\u821e\u548c\u7fa4\u821e\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u821e\u8e48\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u8282\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282\u8868\u793a\u7fa4\u9f99\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282\u8868\u793a\u9f99\u817e\u864e\u8dc3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282\u8868\u793a\u7fa4\u9f99\u62a2\u5b9d\u3002\u821e\u8005\u8eab\u7740\u9ed1\u8272\u5927\u895f\u957f\u886b\uff0c\u5934\u63d2\u4e24\u6839\u91ce\u9e21\u7fce\uff0c\u9876\u9f99\u9762\u725b\u89d2\u56fe\u817e\uff0c\u6234\u9aef\u53e3\uff0c\u62f4\u7ea2\u8272\u94f6\u9970\u8170\u5e26\uff0c\u624b\u6267\u82a6\u7b19\uff0c\u81ea\u5439\u81ea\u8df3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6d41\u7545\u7684\u82a6\u7b19\u65cb\u5f8b\u4f5c\u51fa“\u9f99\u6597\u89d2”\u3001“\u9f99\u5410\u6c34”\u3001“\u9f99\u51fa\u6d1e”\u3001“\u9f99\u98de\u8180\u5b50”\u3001“\u83b2\u82b1”\u3001“\u62dc\u89c1”\u7b49\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u8be5\u821e\u4f34\u594f\u4e50\u5668\u7b19\u7ba1\u7c97\u957f\uff0c\u58f0\u97f3\u4f4e\u6c89\u6d51\u539a\uff0c\u97f3\u4e50\u8282\u594f\u9c9c\u660e\uff0c\u821e\u8e48\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0e\u97f3\u4e50\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u5177\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
In the past, this dance was o<\/em>nly performed at funerary or sacrificial ceremonies. Today, it is performed during every major festival, weddings, building houses, moon dances, and other traditio<\/em>nal ethnic occasions. The dance has become an im<\/em>portant means of co<\/em>nducting recreatio<\/em>nal activities or competitions, and enhancing sentiments of friendship and unity. During funerary ceremonies, the dancers are ahead of the funeral procession; in sacrificial ceremonies, on the first day of the second mo<\/em>nth of the solar calendar, it is performed during the sacrifice to the ancestors by killing the cattle. For building houses, the dance is often used for trampling the foundation for the house. For the Moon Dance, it is performed during the “moon dance court” event from the first to the thirtieth day of the first month. The changshanlong (Long Gown Dragon) dance involves male duets, four-person dances and group dances. The dance is divided into three sections: in the first, a group of dragons appear; the second, there is a bustle of activity; and the third, the group of dragons loot a treasure. The dancers, dressed in a black traditio<\/em>nal style gown, two pheasant feathers decorating each of their heads\uff0ca dragon-faced, horned totem placed on their heads\uff0cwearing artificial whiskers and a red belt with silver hardware\uff0carmed with a lusheng, play and dance. They follow the fluid melodies of the lusheng in various movements including “dragons fighting with horns”, “spitting dragon”, “dragon leaves the cave,” “flying dragon’s wings,” “lotus flower,” and “paying a formal visit” etc. The dance is accompanied by the deep, low sound of the lusheng’s thick, long pipe. The rhythmic melody and intimate bond between dance movement and music create a uniquely magical art form.
\u9f13\u9f99\u9f13\u864e\uff0d\u957f\u886b\u9f99\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u821e\u8e48\u5f62\u5f0f\u72ec\u7279\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u821e\u8e48\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5916\u6765\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u82d7\u5be8\u591a\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u73b0\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5be8\u5b50\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e09\u5341\u4eba\u4f1a\u8df3\u9f13\u9f99\u9f13\u864e\uff0d\u957f\u886b\u9f99\u821e\u8e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5df2\u5904\u4e8e\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6fd2\u5371\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e9f\u5f85\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002
The gulongguhu-changshanlong dance, with its long history and unique form, has special values for anthropology, sociology, ethnology, and folklore research. Due to the significant influence of changes in society, foreign cultures, and other various factors that impact on the Miao community, today, o<\/em>nly less than 30 people in one village can dance the gulongguhu-changshanlong. This ancient folk art form is already seriously endangered and in urgent need of protection.<\/p>\n

\u82a6\u7b19\u821e•\u6eda\u5c71\u73e0
Lushengwu . Gunshanzhu
\u7533\u62a5\u5730\u533a\u6216\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u8d35\u5dde\u7701\u7eb3\u96cd\u53bf
Nominating Unit[s]: Nayong County, Guizhou Province
\u82d7\u65cf\u82a6\u7b19\u821e\u6eda\u5c71\u73e0\u539f\u540d“\u5730\u9f99\u6eda\u8346”\uff0c\u82d7\u8bed\u53eb“\u5b50\u843d\u593a”\u3002\u5b83\u6d41\u4f20\u5728\u8d35\u5dde\u7701\u7eb3\u96cd\u53bf\u732a\u573a\u82d7\u65cf\u5f5d\u65cf\u4e61\uff0c\u662f\u82d7\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u4e16\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u7684\u82a6\u7b19\u821e\u8e48\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f20\u8bf4\u8fdc\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82d7\u65cf\u7956\u5148\u5927\u8fc1\u5f99\uff0c\u9014\u4e2d\u9053\u8def\u574e\u5777\uff0c\u8346\u68d8\u904d\u91ce\uff0c\u82f1\u52c7\u7684\u82d7\u65cf\u9752\u5e74\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u7236\u8001\u4e61\u4eb2\u4eec\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u77eb\u5065\u7684\u8eab\u8eaf\u4ece\u8346\u68d8\u6797\u4e2d\u6eda\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u529f\u7ee9\uff0c\u5c31\u6a21\u4eff\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u8eab\u8eaf\u6eda\u5012\u8346\u68d8\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u7f16\u6210\u82a6\u7b19\u821e\uff0c\u53d6\u540d“\u5730\u9f99\u6eda\u8346”\u3002
The Miao Lushengwu-Gunshanzhu dance, originally called “Earth Dragon Rolling over Brambles,” and “Zi Luo Duo” in the Miao language, is practiced in the Yi and Miao rural territory Zhuchang in Nayong, Guizhou. It is one of the Lushengwu dances passed down through generations in the Miao ethnic group. According to legend, during the great migration of Miao ancestors in ancient times, the roads were rough and covered in brambles. The brave Miao youth rolled their strong and robust bodies through the forest of brambles, smoothing out a road for their elderly relatives. To commemorate the achievement of these youth, the Lushenwu dance was compiled, called as "Earth Dragon Rolling over Brambles”, imitating the youth using their bodies to roll brambles flat.
“\u6eda\u5c71\u73e0”\u662f\u96c6\u82a6\u7b19\u5439\u594f\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u8868\u6f14\u3001\u6742\u6280\u827a\u672f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u82d7\u65cf\u6c11\u95f4\u821e\u3002\u8868\u6f14\u65f6\u75286\u652f\u957f\u7ea620\u5398\u7c73\u7684\u94c1\u5236\u68ad\u9556\u5934\uff0c\u9556\u5c16\u5411\u4e0a\u63d2\u5165\u5730\u4e0b\uff0c\u56f4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u5f84\u7ea60.7\u7c73\u7684\u5706\u5708\uff0c\u6216\u75286\u53ea\u5bf9\u9876\u7684\u996d\u7897\u88c5\u6ee1\u6c34\u6446\u6210\u5706\u5708\u4ee3\u66ff\u68ad\u9556\u4ea6\u53ef\u3002\u8868\u6f14\u8005\u624b\u6267\u82a6\u7b19\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u5439\u594f\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u8df3\u8dc3\uff0c\u56f4\u7740\u68f1\u9556\u6216\u6c34\u7897\u7ffb\u6eda\uff0c\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e14\u5f02\u5e38\u60ca\u9669\u3002“\u6eda\u5c71\u73e0”\u5728\u957f\u671f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u878d\u8fdb\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u52301989\u5e74\uff0c\u82a6\u7b19\u821e“\u6eda\u5c71\u73e0”\u7531\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5355\u4eba\u8868\u6f14\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a6\u81f38\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u3002\u8868\u6f14\u8005\u624b\u6267\u516d\u7ba1\u82a6\u7b19\uff0c\u5934\u6234\u7b90\u9e21\u7fce\u5e3d\uff0c\u8eab\u7740\u7ee3\u82b1\u767d\u8902\uff0c\u5439\u594f\u7740\u4e16\u4ee3\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u82a6\u7b19\u821e\u66f2\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u68ad\u9556\u6216\u76db\u6ee1\u6c34\u7684\u7897\u8fdb\u884c\u821e\u8e48\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u65f6\u800c\u4ee5\u5934\u4e3a\u8db3\uff0c\u82a6\u7b19\u821e\u6b65\u4e0e\u6280\u5de7\u8fd0\u7528\u96be\u5ea6\u968f\u8868\u6f14\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u82d7\u65cf\u540c\u80de\u5728\u8fc1\u5f99\u9014\u4e2d\u4e0d\u754f\u8270\u9669\u3001\u52c7\u5f80\u76f4\u524d\u3001\u6392\u51fa\u4e07\u96be\u7684\u60ca\u9669\u573a\u9762\u3002
Gunshanzhu is a Miao folk dance integrating the playing of the lusheng, dancing, and acrobatics. During performance, six iron spearheads a<\/em>bout 20cm long are pushed into the ground, tips pointing up, in the shape of a circle a<\/em>bout 0.7 meters in diameter. The spearheads may also be substituted with six water-filled rice bowls, each on a bowl placed on the ground upside down. Performers play the lusheng while leaping\uff0cand roll around the spearheads or bowls of water. This dance requires a great amount of skill, and is exceptio<\/em>nally thrilling. Over its long process of development, Gunshanzhu has gradually assimilated a variety of techniques and co<\/em>ntinues to improve. By 1989, Gunshanzhu dance had evolved from a one-man performance into a performance involving six to eight dancers performing simultaneously. Armed with the lusheng, hats decorated with the feathers of a golden pheasant, and embroidered white gowns, performers play Lusheng melodies that have been passed down through generations and dance around the spearheads or water-filled bowls; sometimes, they even stand upside down. Throughout the performance, the Lusheng dance steps and techniques become increasingly difficult, reflecting the courageous and perseverance of Miao ancestors when facing the dangerous, difficult adventure of their migration.
\u82d7\u65cf\u82a6\u7b19\u821e“\u6eda\u5c71\u73e0”\u4ee5\u5176\u7c97\u72b7\u8c6a\u653e\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u3001\u9ad8\u96be\u60ca\u9669\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u548c\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5185\u6db5\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6c11\u95f4\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u679d\u5947\u8469\uff0c\u6d41\u64ad\u5e7f\u8fdc\uff0c\u4eab\u8a89\u4e2d\u5916\u3002\u5b83\u66fe\u5148\u540e\u591a\u6b21\u53c2\u52a0\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u827a\u672f\u8282\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u5916\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u5404\u65cf\u540c\u80de\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u821e\u79cd\u4e2d\u8574\u6db5\u7740\u7684\u575a\u97e7\u987d\u5f3a\u3001\u4e0d\u5c48\u4e0d\u6320\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u683c\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u5b83\u6fc0\u52b1\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u6c38\u4e0d\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u6240\u538b\u5012\u3002
The Miao Lushengwu, Gunshanzhu, with its bold style, difficult and breathtaking movements, and rich cultural connotation, has become a singularly exceptio<\/em>nal work of ethnic minority folk art, of far-reaching influence, and renowned around the world. It has repeatedly appeared in domestic and internatio<\/em>nal art festivals, and received high praise from people of all natio<\/em>nalities in China and other countries. This dance form and its reflection of a tenacious, indomitable ethnic character is a priceless spiritual treasure. It inspires and guides the advancement of humanity, extolling the undefeatable spirit.
\u76f8\u5173\u4f20\u627f\u4eba\uff1a
Inheritor(s):
\u674e\u91d1\u82f1 \u4f59\u8d35\u5468 \u738b\u666f\u624d
Li Jinying, Yu Guizhou, and Wang Jingcai
<\/div>\n