{"id":8542,"date":"2019-10-29T18:59:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-29T18:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-reading\/country-zhong-guo-gong-ye\/"},"modified":"2019-10-29T18:59:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-29T18:59:24","slug":"country-zhong-guo-gong-ye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/th\/country-zhong-guo-gong-ye\/","title":{"rendered":"country \u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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As Ms Chang notes, many of the thousands of factories in Dongguan, a manufacturing hub in the southern province of Guangdong, had an Orwellian aura, with slogans on the walls such as: “To die poor is a sin”; “If you don’t work hard today, you’ll search hard for work tomorrow”; and “Through doing something, you will learn it”. Job advertisements were similarly brusque: “Sales specialist. Can eat bitterness and endure hardship. No o<\/em>nly children.”<\/div>\n
\u5f20\u5f64\u79be\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u839e\uff08\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u7684\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u8179\u5730\uff09\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u5de5\u5382\u91cc\uff0c\u5f25\u6f2b\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4e54\u6cbb?\u5965\u5a01\u5c14(George Orwell)\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\uff1a\u5f88\u591a\u5899\u4e0a\u8d34\u7740“\u8d2b\u7a77\u5730\u6b7b\u53bb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f6a\u8fc7”\u3001“\u4eca\u5929\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u660e\u5929\u52aa\u529b\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c”\u3001“\u5b9e\u8df5\u51fa\u771f\u77e5”\u7b49\u6807\u8bed\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u62db\u8058\u5e7f\u544a\u4e5f\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u5730\u5199\u9053\uff1a“\u62db\u9500\u552e\u4e13\u5458\u3002\u80fd\u5403\u82e6\u8010\u52b3\u3002\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u52ff\u6270\u3002”<\/div>\n


<\/p>\n

The tables have turned. Since blue-collar labour moved from surplus to shortage in 2010, bargaining power has shifted from bosses to migrants, obliging employers to learn some charm and lure workers with rising salaries and improved benefits. Throughout 2012, the proportion of blue-collar openings filled each mo<\/em>nth never exceeded 75 per cent, according to China Co<\/em>nfidential data.<\/div>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9762\u5df2\u53d1\u751f\u9006\u8f6c\u3002\u4ece2010\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u84dd\u9886\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u5df2\u7531\u4f9b\u7ed9\u8fc7\u5269\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4f9b\u7ed9\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u8feb\u4f7f\u96c7\u4e3b\u5b66\u7740\u53d6\u60a6\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u52a0\u85aa\u548c\u6539\u5584\u798f\u5229\u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u591a\u5de5\u4eba\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u53c2\u8003\u300b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c2012\u5e74\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u7684\u84dd\u9886\u5c97\u4f4d\u7a7a\u7f3a\u586b\u8865\u7387\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8d85\u8fc775%\u3002<\/div>\n


<\/p>\n

The result of this fundamental labour market reversal has been to propel migrant workers’ incomes sharply higher, a trend that is unlikely to change for as long as blue-collar labour remains in shortage. Indeed, such incomes are rising faster than those of any other significant co<\/em>nsumer cohort – climbing 12 per cent to Rmb2,995 a mo<\/em>nth in 2012, the China Co<\/em>nfidential survey shows. This compares with the average annual growth rate in urban incomes of 9.3 per cent of the past decade.<\/div>\n
\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6839\u672c\u6027\u9006\u8f6c\uff0c\u5df2\u4fc3\u4f7f\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u7684\u6536\u5165\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u84dd\u9886\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\u5c31\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u53c2\u8003\u300b\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u6536\u5165\u4e0a\u6da8\u901f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53——\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6708\u6536\u5165\u57282012\u5e74\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6da812%\uff0c\u8fbe\u52302995\u5143\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb10\u5e74\u91cc\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u589e\u957f9.3%\u3002<\/div>\n


<\/p>\n

From Beijing’s perspective, the vitality of the migrant worker cohort could hardly be of greater im<\/em>portance to the twin aims of rebalancing the growth model and spurring urbanisation. In the first endeavour, there is no question that migrant worker spending is an increasingly potent driver away from an over-reliance on investment-led growth and towards more consumption. Co<\/em>nsumer spending in the first quarter of this year accounted for 55 per cent of gross domestic product growth, raising expectations that 2013 may be the third co<\/em>nsecutive year in which co<\/em>nsumption co<\/em>ntributes more than investment to GDP growth.<\/div>\n
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<\/p>\n

For urbanisation, too – which Li Keqiang, the premier, has said is set to become the greatest source of domestic demand in the coming decade – rural migrants are seen as crucial. Mr Li has plans to reform the household registration (hukou) system – which classifies everyone as either rural or urban – turning migrants into urban citizens, which qualifies them for more generous welfare allocations. The planned surge in welfare awards, in turn, is expected to spur co<\/em>nsumer spending.<\/div>\n
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<\/p>\n

While the exact methodologies for hukou reform are yet to be announced by Beijing, signs are that many migrants are keen to embrace a settled urban future. Of the 220m who live and work in cities but have no urban hukou, 131m are keen to become permanent urban residents, the survey shows. If this number – roughly equivalent to the population of Japan – do settle permanently in cities, it will not be their sweat so much as their spending power that shapes China’s destiny.<\/div>\n
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