{"id":13527,"date":"2019-11-22T01:21:18","date_gmt":"2019-11-22T01:21:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/laozi-lao-zi\/"},"modified":"2019-11-22T01:21:18","modified_gmt":"2019-11-22T01:21:18","slug":"laozi-lao-zi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/laozi-lao-zi\/","title":{"rendered":"Laozi\u8001\u5b50"},"content":{"rendered":"
Laozi<\/strong>\uff08\u8001\u5b50L<\/span>\u01ceoz\u01d0)<\/span> <\/strong>is the name<\/span> of a legendary <\/span><\/span>Daoist <\/strong>(<\/span>\u9053\u6559d<\/span>àojiào) <\/span>philosopher<\/span>, the alternate title of the early Chinese text better known in the West as the <\/span>Daodejing <\/strong>(\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecfd<\/span>àodéj\u012bng)<\/span>, and the mo<\/em>niker of a deity in the pantheon of organized “religiousDaoism” that arose during the later <\/span>Han dynasty <\/strong>(\u6c49\u671dH<\/span>àncháo) <\/span>(25-220 CE). Laozi is the pinyin Romanization for the Chinese characters which mean "Old Master <\/strong>(\u5927\u5e08d<\/span>àsh\u012b)<\/span>." Laozi is also known as <\/span>Lao Tan <\/strong>(\u8001<\/span>\u8043<\/span>L\u01ceo D\u0101n) <\/span>("Old Tan") in early Chinese sources (see Romanization systems for Chinese terms). The <\/span>Zhuangzi <\/strong>(\u5e84\u5b50<\/span>Zhu\u0101ngz\u01d0) <\/span>is the first text to use Laozi as a perso<\/em>nal name and to identify Laozi and Lao Tan. The earliest materials associated with Laozi are in the Zhuangzi’s Inner Chapters. The Outer Chapters of that work have ten logia in which Laozi is the main figure, four of which co<\/em>ntain direct attacks on the <\/span>Confucian <\/strong>(\u5b54\u5b50<\/span>K\u01d2ngz\u01d0)<\/span> virtues ofren, yi, and li that are reminiscent of passages from the Daodejing. The earliest as<\/em>cription of authorship of the Daodejing to Laozi is inHan Feizi <\/strong>(\u97e9\u975e\u5b50H<\/span>ánf\u0113iz\u01d0)<\/span> and the <\/span>Huainanzi <\/strong>(\u6dee\u5357\u5b50H<\/span>uáinánz\u01d0)<\/span>, but several themes from the Laozi logia of the Zhuangzi are traceable into the Daodejing and on at least two occasions in that text Laozi counsels following dao (the Way) to possess de (virtue). Laozi became a principal figure in institutio<\/em>nalized religious forms of Daoism. He was often associated with many transformations and incarnations  of the dao itself.<\/span><\/div>\n