{"id":3497,"date":"2019-11-18T11:25:35","date_gmt":"2019-11-18T11:25:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/history-of-the-compass-zhi-nan-zhen\/"},"modified":"2019-11-18T11:25:35","modified_gmt":"2019-11-18T11:25:35","slug":"history-of-the-compass-zhi-nan-zhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/history-of-the-compass-zhi-nan-zhen\/","title":{"rendered":"History of the Compass \u6307\u5357\u9488"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Si Nan<br \/>  Compass (zh\u01d0 n&aacute;n zh\u0113n \u6307\u5357\u9488) is one of the four great inventions of ancient China. It is a simple instrument for navigatio<em><\/em>nal instrument for determining direction relative to the Earth&#8217;s magnetic poles. It co<em><\/em>nsists of a magnetized pointer (usually marked on the North end) free to align itself with Earth&#8217;s magnetic field.<\/p>\n<p>  Ancient CompassThe earliest compass originally came out during Warring State Period (zh&agrave;n gu&oacute; sh&iacute; q\u012b \u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f). It is made of lodestone, with the shape of a soup ladle. It should be put on a glossy chases and kept balance when it is used. And the handle of the ladle will point to the south. People in ancient China called it Si Nan (s\u012b n&aacute;n \u53f8\u5357). However, because the lodesto<em><\/em>nes are hard to find and they are easy to lost magnetism, what&rsquo;s more, Si Nan is not co<em><\/em>nvenient to take for its weight, it is not used extensively.<\/p>\n<p>  Till the Song Dynasty (s&ograve;ng ch&aacute;o \u5b8b\u671d), Chinese people made Zhinan Fish (zh\u01d0 n&aacute;n y&uacute; \u6307\u5357\u9c7c), which is more co<em><\/em>nvenient than Si Nan. It just needs a bowl of water, and put the Zhinan Fish on the surface of the water, then it will help you to determine direction. For long-term improvements, people made the steel needle with magnetism by rubbing it on the lodestone. Therefore the needle with magnetism can be regarded as the compass.<\/p>\n<p>  The compass was put into use in people&rsquo;s daily life, military, and manufacturing, especially in navigation. The first person recorded to have used the compass as a navigatio<em><\/em>nal aid was Zheng He (zh&egrave;ng h&eacute; \u90d1\u548c, 1371-1435), from the Yunnan province in China, who made seven ocean voyages between 1405 and 1433.<\/p>\n<p>  \u6307\u5357\u9488<br \/>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u6307\u5357\u9488\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u56db\u5927\u53d1\u660e\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u4ee5\u5224\u522b\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u4eea\u5668\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e00\u6839\u88c5\u5728\u8f74\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8f6c\u52a8\u7684\u78c1\u9488\u3002\u78c1\u9488\u5728\u5730\u78c1\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u78c1\u5b50\u5348\u7ebf\u7684\u5207\u7ebf\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u3002\u78c1\u9488\u7684\u5317\u6781\u6307\u5411\u5730\u7406\u7684\u5317\u6781\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u522b\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u822a\u6d77\u3001\u5927\u5730\u6d4b\u91cf\u3001\u65c5\u884c\u53ca\u519b\u4e8b\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002<br \/>  \u6307\u5357\u9488\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u957f\u671f\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7269\u4f53\u78c1\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u63a5\u89e6\u4e86\u78c1\u94c1\u77ff\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5bf9\u78c1\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u78c1\u77f3\u5f15\u94c1\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u78c1\u77f3\u7684\u6307\u5411\u6027\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u65b9\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u6307\u5357\u9488\u3002<br \/>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>  Zhinan Fish&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u6625\u79cb\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u6574\u5757\u5929\u7136\u78c1\u77f3\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7422\u78e8\u5236\u6210\u52fa\u578b\uff0c\u52fa\u67c4\u6307\u5357\u6781\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u52fa\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u6070\u597d\u843d\u5230\u52fa\u5e95\u7684\u6b63\u4e2d\uff0c\u52fa\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5149\u6ed1\u7684\u5730\u76d8\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u76d8\u5916\u65b9\u5185\u5706\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u523b\u6709\u5e72\u652f\u56db\u7ef4\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5411\uff0c\u9759\u6b62\u65f6\uff0c\u52fa\u5c3e\u6307\u5411\u5357\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5357\u9488\u7684\u96cf\u5f62&mdash;&mdash;\u53f8\u5357\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u53e4\u4eba\u8ba4\u771f\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6709\u5173\u78c1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u53f8\u5357\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u78c1\u4f53\u6307\u6781\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002 \u4f46\u53f8\u5357\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u78c1\u4f53\u4e0d\u6613\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5de5\u65f6\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u6253\u51fb\u3001\u53d7\u70ed\u800c\u5931\u78c1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u53f8\u5357\u7684\u78c1\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f31\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4e0e\u5730\u76d8\u63a5\u89e6\u5904\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u5149\u6ed1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u56e0\u8f6c\u52a8\u6469\u64e6\u963b\u529b\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u96be\u4e8e\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u6307\u5357\u6548\u679c\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u53f8\u5357\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u5f88\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53f8\u5357\u957f\u671f\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>  Compass&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u5230\u4e86\u5b8b\u4ee3\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5236\u9020\u4eba\u5de5\u78c1\u4f53\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53c8\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u6307\u5357\u9c7c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u5de5\u4f20\u78c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5236\u6210\u7684\u6307\u5357\u9c7c\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u53f8\u5357\u65b9\u4fbf\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u7897\u6c34\uff0c\u628a\u6307\u5357\u9c7c\u653e\u5728\u6c34\u9762\u4e0a\u5c31\u80fd\u8fa8\u522b\u65b9\u5411\u4e86\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53c8\u628a\u94a2\u9488\u5728\u5929\u7136\u78c1\u4f53\u4e0a\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u94a2\u9488\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u78c1\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u4f20\u78c1\u7684\u94a2\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6307\u5357\u9488\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u6307\u5357\u9488\u4e00\u7ecf\u53d1\u660e\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5730\u5f62\u6d4b\u91cf\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u822a\u6d77\u4e0a\u3002\u6307\u5357\u9488\u5728\u822a\u6d77\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6210\u4e66\u5e74\u4ee3\u7565\u665a\u4e8e\u300a\u68a6\u6eaa\u7b14\u8c08\u300b\u7684\u300a\u840d\u6d32\u53ef\u8c08\u300b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u6709\uff1a&ldquo;\u821f\u5e08\u8bc6\u5730\u7406\uff0c\u591c\u5219\u89c2\u661f\uff0c\u663c\u5219\u89c2\u65e5\uff0c\u9634\u6666\u5219\u89c2\u6307\u5357\u9488\u3002&rdquo;\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u822a\u6d77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5357\u9488\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u53ea\u5728\u65e5\u6708\u661f\u8fb0\u89c1\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5357\u9488\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u6307\u5357\u9488\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u4e0d\u719f\u7ec3\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u5162\u7684\u300a\u5ba3\u548c\u5949\u4f7f\u9ad8\u4e3d\u56fe\u7ecf\u300b\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff1a&ldquo;\u60df\u89c6\u661f\u6597\u524d\u8fc8\uff0c\u82e5\u6666\u51a5\u5219\u7528\u6307\u5357\u6d6e\u9488\uff0c\u4ee5\u63c6\u5357\u5317\u3002&rdquo;\u5230\u4e86\u5143\u4ee3\uff0c\u6307\u5357\u9488\u4e00\u8dc3\u800c\u6210\u6d77\u4e0a\u6307\u822a\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u663c\u591c\u6674\u9634\u90fd\u7528\u6307\u5357\u9488\u5bfc\u822a\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u7f16\u5236\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u7f57\u76d8\u5bfc\u822a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u822a\u884c\u5730\u70b9\u6307\u5357\u9488\u9488\u4f4d\u7684\u8fde\u7ebf\u56fe\uff0c\u53eb\u505a&ldquo;\u9488\u8def&rdquo;\u3002\u8239\u884c\u5230\u67d0\u5904\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4f55\u9488\u4f4d\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u822a\u7ebf\u90fd\u4e00\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u822a\u884c\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<br type=\"_moz\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"chine-tie-zi-nei-rong-zhi-hou\" id=\"chine-1265586223\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1889418300638825\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1889418300638825\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7273022922\" \ndata-ad-layout-key=\"-gw-3+1f-3d+2z\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Si Nan Compass (zh\u01d0 n&aacute;n zh\u0113n \u6307\u5357\u9488) is one of the four great inventions of ancient China. It is a<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chinese-culture"],"views":807,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3497"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3497\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}