{"id":3530,"date":"2019-11-19T21:06:09","date_gmt":"2019-11-19T21:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/chinese-culture\/chinese-temple-zhong-guo-si-miao\/"},"modified":"2019-11-19T21:06:09","modified_gmt":"2019-11-19T21:06:09","slug":"chinese-temple-zhong-guo-si-miao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesemoment.com\/vi\/chinese-temple-zhong-guo-si-miao\/","title":{"rendered":"Chinese Temple \u4e2d\u56fd\u5bfa\u5e99"},"content":{"rendered":"
Temples is the symbolization of the long history and rich culture of China, and are regarded as valuable art treasures. Generally speaking, temple is not o<\/em>nly related to Buddhism. However, in Buddhism, there are many kinds of titles for temple: such as "Temple", which does not refer to Buddhist temple. Official residences were known as Temple since the Qin Dynasty (qín cháo \u79e6\u671d). In the Han Dynasty (hàn cháo \u6c49\u671d), the living place of the mo<\/em>nks from the West also known as Temple. From then on, temple has become professio<\/em>nals of Chinese Buddhist architecture gradually. It also can be said that when Buddhism spread to China, Chinese people called t the Buddhist architecture as temple so as to show respect for Buddhism.<\/p>\n

There are many titles for temples in Taoism. When Taoism was founded its religious organizations and activity venues were all called “Zhi” (zhì \u6cbb), also known as “Lu” (lú \u5e90), "Jing” (jìng \u9756) and “Jingbao” (jìng b\u01ceo \u9759\u5b9d). In the Southern and Northern Dynasties,the activity venues of Taoism is called as Fairy House. During the period of Northern Zhou Wu Di (zh\u014du w\u01d4 dì \u5468\u6b66\u5e1d), it was known as “Daoist Temple”, means viewing star and the air. Till Tang Dynasty (táng cháo \u5510\u671d ), the emperor regarded Laozi as ancestor. However, the emperor’s residence was “palace”. Therefore, the Taoist Structure was called “palace”. Apart from these, there are other titles, such as “court”, "shrine”, like Wenshu Yuan (wén sh\u016b yuàn \u6587\u6b8a\u9662), Bixia Shrine (bì xiá cí \u78a7\u971e\u7960) and so on.<\/p>\n

Cho<\/em>ngsheng TempleIn Co<\/em>nfucianism the temple is called "temple”, "palace” and "altar", for example, Kong Miao (kóng miào \u5b54\u5e99), Wen Miao (wén miào \u6587\u5e99), Yo<\/em>nghe Lamasery (y\u014dng hé g\u014dng \u96cd\u548c\u5bab), the temple of Heaven (ti\u0101n tán \u5929\u575b), etc.. Islamism is known as "temple”, such as the Mosque. In Catholicism, the temple is called “church”. In civil society, it was known as “temple”, "shrine”. For example, the places wher people worship ancestor, the deity or the former saptarsis were called the Imperial Ancestral Temple (tài miào \u592a\u5e99), Zhong Yue Temple (zh\u014dng yuè miào \u4e2d\u5cb3\u5e99), Xi Yue Temple (x\u012b yuè miào \u897f\u5cb3\u5e99), Nan Yue Temple (nán yuè miào \u5357\u5cb3\u5e99), Bei Yue Temple (béi yuè miào \u5317\u5cb3\u5e99), Dai Temple (dài miào \u5cb1\u5e99) and so on.<\/p>\n

Cultural artifacts of every dynasty are well kept in Chinese Temple culture in our country. And temple culture has influenced every aspect of Chinese people’s life such as astronomy, geography, architecture, painting, handwriting, sculpture, music, dancing, antiquity, temple fairs, and folk-customs and so on. The annual temple fair all over the nation has not o<\/em>nly enriched the Chinese culture, but also improved the development of local tourism.<\/p>\n

Three famous temples in China: <\/p>\n

White Horse TempleLuoyang White Horse Temple (luò yáng bái m\u01ce sì \u6d1b\u9633\u767d\u9a6c\u5bfa)<\/p>\n

White Horse Temple is located 12 km away from the east of Luoyang City (luò yáng shì \u6d1b\u9633\u5e02). It was regarded as the "originating court in China". Established by the Eastern Han Dynasty (d\u014dng hàn \u4e1c\u6c49) in 68 AD when Buddhism started to spread, this temple is believed to be the first Buddhist temple built by the government in China. Covering a total area of 40, 000 square meters, the temple mainly co<\/em>nsists of Tianwang Hall (ti\u0101n wáng diàn \u5929\u738b\u6bbf), Great Buddha Hall (dà fó diàn \u5927\u4f5b\u6bbf), Mahavira Hall (dà xióng báo diàn \u5927\u96c4\u5b9d\u6bbf), Jieyin Hall (ji\u0113 yín diàn \u63a5\u5f15\u6bbf), Pilu Pavilion (pí lú gé \u6bd7\u5362\u9601), and Qiyun Pagoda (qí yún t\u01ce \u9f50\u4e91\u5854) and so on.<\/p>\n

Hangzhou Lingyin Temple (háng zh\u014du líng y\u01d0n sì \u676d\u5dde\u7075\u9690\u5bfa)<\/p>\n

Lingyin Temple (or Yunlin Temple \u4e91\u6797\u5bfa) is situated at the foot of Lingyin Mountain, aside from the West Lake (x\u012b hú \u897f\u6e56). It was built in 326AD during the Eastern Jin dynasty (d\u014dng jìn cháo Lingyin Temple\u4e1c\u664b\u671d) (317 – 420 AD). Huili (huì l\u01d0 \u6167\u7406), an Indian monk came to the area wher he was inspired by the spiritual nature of the scenery to be found here. To his mind this had to be a dwelling of the Immortals and so he gave the temple a name "Ling Yin (Temple of the Soul’s Retreat). When Emperor Kangxi (k\u0101ng x\u012b \u5eb7\u7199) in Qing Dynasty (qín cháo \u79e6\u671d) take a tour to the South China, he named Lingyin Temple as “Yunlinchansi Temple (yún lín chán sì \u4e91\u6797\u7985\u5bfa)". When the temple was in full bloom, it had nine buildings, eighteen pavilions, and seventy-two palace halls. The number of mo<\/em>nks reached to 3,000. Lingyin Temple is one of the ten most famous ancient Buddhist temples in China.<\/p>\n

Dengfeng Shaolin Temple (d\u0113ng f\u0113ng shào lín sì \u767b\u5c01\u5c11\u6797\u5bfa)<\/p>\n

Shaolin TempleIt is located 12 km away from the northwest of Dengfeng County (d\u0113ng f\u0113ng xiàn \u767b\u5c01\u53bf), Henan Province (hé nán sh\u011bng \u6cb3\u5357\u7701) , at the foot of Shaoshi Mountain (shào shì sh\u0101n \u5c11\u5ba4\u5c71). It was named after the ubac of Shaoshi Mountain. Shaolin Temple was established in 495 during the Northern Wei Dynasty (b\u011bi wèi \u5317\u9b4f) (386-534). Thirty-two years later, Bodhidharma, the legendary Indian monk, came to Shaolin to instruct Zen Buddhism. Bodhidharma was known as the first ancestor of Chinese Buddhism, and Shaolin Temple was regarded as the original place of Zen Buddhism. Shaolin Temple is probably the most famous temple in China, not o<\/em>nly because of its long history and its great im<\/em>portance in Chinese Buddhism, but also because of its martial arts or Wushu (w\u01d4 shù \u6b66\u672f). The temple mainly co<\/em>nsists of Tianwang Hall (ti\u0101n wáng diàn \u5929\u738b\u6bbf), Mahavira Hall (dà xióng báo diàn \u5927\u96c4\u5b9d\u6bbf), Drum Tower (g\u01d4 lóu \u9f13\u697c), Clock Tower (zh\u014dng lóu \u949f\u697c), Sutra Collection Pavilion (cáng j\u012bng gé \u85cf\u7ecf\u9601) and so on.
                      Shaolin Wushu             
\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bfa\u5e99
      \u5bfa\u5e99—\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u827a\u672f\u7470\u5b9d\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u60a0\u4e45\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002
      \u4ece\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bfa\u5e99\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u4e00\u5bb6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfa\u5e99\u5c31\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u79f0\u8c13\uff1a\u5982“\u5bfa”\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u5e99\uff0c\u4ece\u79e6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u5b98\u820d\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bfa\u3002\u5728\u6c49\u4ee3\u628a\u63a5\u5f85\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u50e7\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bfa\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c“\u5bfa”\u4fbf\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u4e13\u79f0\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c“\u5bfa”\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u5c0a\u91cd\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f5b\u6559\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u65b0\u79f0\u547c\u3002<\/p>\n

   Lo<\/em>ngxing Temple
      \u5728\u9053\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfa\u5e99\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u4e5f\u5f88\u591a\uff1a\u9053\u6559\u521b\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5176\u5b97\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u7686\u4ee5“\u6cbb”\u79f0\u4e4b\u3002\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a“\u5e90”\u3001“\u9756”\u3001\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u9759\u5b9d\u3002\u5728\u5357\u5317\u671d\u65f6\uff0c\u9053\u6559\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u79f0\u547c\u4e3a\u4ed9\u9986\u3002\u5317\u5468\u6b66\u5e1d\u65f6\uff0c\u9053\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u53eb“\u9053\u89c2”\uff0c\u53d6\u89c2\u661f\u671b\u6c14\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5510\u671d\uff0c\u56e0\u7687\u5e1d\u8ba4\u8001\u5b50\u4e3a\u7956\u5b97\uff0c\u800c\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5c45\u6240\u79f0\u4e3a“\u5bab”\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9053\u6559\u5efa\u7b51\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a“\u5bab”\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u8fd8\u6709\u53eb“\u9662”\u3001“\u7960”\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u6b8a\u9662\u3001\u78a7\u971e\u7960\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5112\u5bb6\u5219\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a“\u5e99”\u3001“\u5bab”\u3001“\u575b”\uff0c\u5982\u5b54\u5e99\u3001\u6587\u5e99\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\uff0c\u5929\u575b\u7b49\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aYunlinchan Temple“\u5bfa”\uff0c\u5982\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u7b49\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a“\u6559\u5802”\u3002\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u6216\u6c11\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a“\u5e99”\u3001“\u7960”\uff0c\u5982\u65e7\u65f6\u5949\u7940\u7956\u5b97\u3001\u795e\u4f5b\u6216c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u53eb\u592a\u5e99\u3001\u4e2d\u5cb3\u5e99\u3001\u897f\u5cb3\u5e99\u3001\u5357\u5cb3\u5e99\u3001\u5317\u5cb3\u5e99\u3001\u5cb1\u5e99\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u5bfa\u5e99\u6587\u5316\u5b83\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u6211\u56fd\u5404\u4e2a\u671d\u4ee3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfa\u5e99\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ea6\u5360\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u8c13\u4e4b“\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u7269\u7684\u4fdd\u9669\u5e93”\uff0c \u4e43\u5f53\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6127\u3002\u5bfa\u5e99\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5bab\u6bbf\u5efa\u7b51\u5f62\u5f0f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9c9c\u660e\u6c11\u65cf\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u6c11\u4fd7\u7279\u8272\u3002    <\/p>\n

      \u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bfa\u5e99\u6587\u5316\u5df2\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762:\u5982\u5929\u6587\u3001\u5730\u7406\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u7ed8\u753b\u3001\u4e66\u6cd5\u3001\u96d5\u523b\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u3001\u6587\u7269\u3001\u5e99\u4f1a\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u7b49\u7b49.\u5404\u5730\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\u5e99\u4f1a\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c,\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e09\u5927\u540d\u5bfa<\/p>\n

White Horse Temple\u6d1b\u9633\u767d\u9a6c\u5bfa:\u767d\u9a6c\u5bfa\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6d1b\u9633\u5e02\u4e1c12\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a“\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e4\u5239”\u3002\u767d\u9a6c\u5bfa\u521b\u5efa\u4e8e\u4e1c\u6c49\u5341\u4e00\u5e74(68)\uff0c\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u540e\u7531\u5b98\u65b9\u8425\u9020\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5bfa\u9662\u3002\u767d\u9a6c\u5bfa\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u4e00\u5171\u4e3a\u56db\u4e07\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u5bfa\u5185\u4e3b\u8981\u5efa\u7b51\u6709\u5929\u738b\u6bbf\u3001\u5927\u4f5b\u6bbf\u3001\u5927\u96c4\u6bbf\u3001\u63a5\u5f15\u6bbf\u3001\u6bd7\u5362\u9601\u3001\u9f50\u4e91\u5854\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u676d\u5dde\u7075\u9690\u5bfa:\u7075\u9690\u5bfa\u53c8\u540d\u4e91\u6797\u5bfa\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7075\u9690\u5c71\u811a\u4e0b\uff0c\u897f\u6e56\u65c1\u8fb9\uff0c\u5176\u521b\u5efa\u4e8e\u4e1c\u664b\u54b8\u548c\u5143\u5e74\uff08\u516c\u5143326\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5370\u5ea6\u50e7\u4eba\u6167\u7406\u6765\u5230\u676d\u5dde\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c71\u5cf0\u5947\u79c0\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f“\u4ed9\u7075\u6240\u9690”\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5efa\u5bfa\uff0c\u53d6\u540d“\u7075\u9690”\u3002\u6e05\u5eb7\u7199\u5357\u5de1\u65f6\uff0c\u8d50\u540d\u7075\u9690\u5bfa\u4e3a“\u4e91\u6797\u7985\u5bfa”\u3002\u7075\u9690\u5bfa\u5168\u76db\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u4e5d\u697c\u3001\u5341\u516b\u9601\u3001\u4e03\u5341\u4e8c\u6bbf\u5802\uff0c\u50e7\u5f92\u8fbe\u4e09\u5343\u4f59\u4f17\u3002\u7075\u9690\u5bfa\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u8f74\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\u5929\u738b\u6bbf\u3001\u5927\u96c4\u5b9d\u6bbf\u3001\u836f\u5e08\u6bbf\u3002<\/p>\n

                Lingyin Temple
\u767b\u5c01\u5c11\u6797\u5bfa:\u5c11\u6797\u5bfa\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u767b\u5c01\u53bf\u57ce\u897f\u531712\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u5c11\u5ba4\u5c71\u9e93\u4e94\u4e73\u5cf0\u4e0b\u3002\u56e0\u5bfa\u9662\u5750\u843d\u5728\u4e1b\u6797\u8302\u5bc6\u7684\u5c11\u5ba4\u5c71\u9634\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f97\u540d\u3002\u5c11\u6797\u5bfa\u59cb\u5efa\u4e8e\u5317\u9b4f\u592a\u548c\u5e74\u95f4(495\u5e74)\u300232\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u540d\u50e7\u83e9\u63d0\u8fbe\u6469\u6765\u5230\u5c11\u6797\u5bfa\u4f20\u6388\u7985\u5b97\u3002\u8fbe\u6469\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u7985\u5b97\u7684\u521d\u7956\uff0c\u5c11\u6797\u5bfa\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7985\u5b97\u7684\u7956\u5ead\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u6797\u5bfa\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5bfa\u5e99\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u6b66\u672f\u95fb\u540d\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5bfa\u5185\u4e3b\u8981\u5efa\u7b51\u6709\u5929\u738b\u6bbf\u3001\u5927\u96c4\u5b9d\u6bbf\u3001\u9f13\u697c\u3001\u949f\u697c\u3001\u85cf\u7ecf\u9601\u7b49\u3002
<\/div>\n