Category: Chinese Grammar
The Subject and Adverbial Adjuncts 主语和状语
The Subject
In Chinese the most common form of composing a sentence is using subject and predicate sentence elements. Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, duplicated measure words, and phrases can all act as subjects. For instance,
Chinese Grammar- the Object 汉语语法-宾语
The Object
An object is appended to a verb acting as the subject to indicate the target of an action, the place arrived at by an action, the tools used in an action, or the result of an action. For instance,
我们在吃饭 (wǒmen zài chīfàn)。We are having lunch. ("饭" is the object)
The object is usually placed after a verb serving as a predicate. The object is most often a noun or pronoun. However, nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, and phrases can all act as the object. For instance,
我们明天去购物 (wǒmen míngtiān qù gòuwù)。We will go shopping tomorrow. (The noun "购物" is the object)
我喜欢钓鱼 (wǒ xǐhuān diàoyú)。I like fishing. (The verb "钓鱼" is the object)
Chinese Grammar learning: Subject + 简直 + Verb
简直(jiǎn zhí) is similar to "simply" or "completely" in English, and can be used to modify adjectives or verbs, adding a tone of amazement on the part of the speaker.
Chinese Grammar learning:Subject + 干脆 + Verb.
干脆 is an adverb meaning "you might as well" or "just", and is normally used by the speaker to propose a straightforward course of action within a difficult situation.
Chinese Grammar learning: 甚至 + focus of emphasis
甚至 (shènzhì) is similar to "even" in English and is used for emphasis. Like "even", it can be used quite directly or in a more subtle manner. When used more subtly it acts to supplement the speaker’s initial thought, creating the impression that the speaker has realized half way through his statement that he hasn’t gone far enough, and wants to take the idea one step further.
Chinese Grammar learning: 原来 + Noun/Adjective/[verb phrase]
原来 (yuánlái) means "originally" (similar to 本来) or "former". It can also mean "all along", and can be used to indicate a sudden realization of something previously unknown, a bit like "so it's been like that all along, how could I not have realized?".
Chinese Grammar learning: Subject + 有的是 + Noun
In Chinese, there are "a lot" of ways to say "a lot." “有的是” (yǒudeshì) is one of those ways. However, we need to be very clear: "有的是" is not the same as "有的+是".
Chinese Grammar learning: Adjective + 了（一）点儿
了一点儿(le yīdiǎnr), can be added after an adjective to mean "a little bit too". It is softer in tone than using 太, and so is often used when the speaker doesn't want to insult the listener by speaking too directly.
Chinese Grammar learning: Adjective/Verb + 什么 + (Adjective/Verb)
Adding 什么(shénme) to the end of an adjective (or less frequently a verb) can be used to form a rhetorical question. In the phrase 你急什么？"what are you worried about?", the speaker is implying that there is no need to be worried.
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