现代汉语的声母和单韵母

The Initials and Simple Finals in Modem Chinese

现代汉语的语音单位是音节，音节由声母、韵母、声调组成。

The phonetic unit of modern Chinese is a syllable, which is composed of an initial, a final and a tone .

1.声母 The biitials

一个音节开头的辅音叫做声母。现代汉语一共有21个声母（方括弧内是国际音标）：

The consonant that begins a syllable is called an initial and there are 21 of them in modern

Chinese （the international Phonetic Alphabet in the brackets）:

b [p]	p [p‘]	m [m]	f [f]
d [t]	t [t‘]	n [n]	l [l]
z [ts]	c [ts‘]	s [s]
zh [t]	ch [t‘]	sh[ ]	r[ ]
j [t]	q [t‘]	x [ ]
g [k]	k [k‘]	h [x]

 

开头没有辅音的音节叫零声母音节，例如：（啊）ōu （欧）。

Syllables without initials are called syllables with zero initials, g .（啊）andōu （欧）

2 .单韵母 Single Finals

一个音节中声母后边的部分是韵母。

只有一个元音的韵母叫单韵母。单韵母一共有六个：

The element after the initial in a Chinese syllable is the final .

The final with only one vowel is called a simple final and there are six of them:

a [a]  o [o]  e [ ]  i [i]  u [u]  ü [y]

 

练习  Exercises

1 .读下面的声母：Read the following initials:

b	P	m	f
d	t	n	l
z	c	s
zh	ch	sh	r
j	q	x
g	k	h

 

2.读下面的韵母：Read the following finals:

a	e,	e	a
a	o,	o	a
e	o,	o	e
i	u,	u	i
i	ü,	ü	i
u	ü,	ü	u

 

3 .读下面的音节：Read the following syllables:

bo	po	mo	fo
de	te	ne	le
ge	ke	he

4 .分辨下面各组的发音：Contrast the sounds of the initios in each of following groups:

z	c	s
j	q	x
z	c	s
zh	ch	sh
j	q	x
zh	ch	sh

 

• .拼读下表： Read the followingtable:

	a	o	e	i	u	ü
b	ba	bo		bi	bu
p	Pa	po		pi	pu
m	ma	mo		mi	mu
f	fa	fo			fu
d	da		de	di	du
t	ta		te	ti	tu
n	na		ne	ni	nu	nü
l	la		le	li	lu	lü
g	ga		ge		gu
k	ka		ke		ku
h	ha		he		hu
j				ji		ju
q				qi		qu
x				xi		xu
z	za		ze		zu
c	ca		ce		cu
s	sa		se		su
zh	zha		zhe		zhu
ch	cha		che		chu
sh	sha		she		shu
r			re		ru