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chinese reading – The Analects of Confucius 学而第一 (2)

原文:有子曰:“其为人也孝弟,而好犯上者,鲜矣;不好犯上,而好作乱者,未之有也。君子务本,本立而道生。孝弟也者,其为仁之本与!”

拼音:
有(yǒu)子(zǐ)曰(yuē):其  (qí)为  (wéi)人  (rén)也  (yě)孝  (xiào)悌  (tì), 而  (ér)好  (hào)犯  (fàn)上  (shàng)者  (zhě), 鲜  (xiǎn)矣  (yǐ);  不 ( bù ) 好  (hào)犯  (fàn)上  (shàng), 而  (ér)好  (hào)作  (zuò)乱  (luàn)者  (zhě), 未  (wèi)之  (zhī)有  (yǒu)也  (yě)。
 君 ( jūn ) 子  (zǐ)务  (wù)本  (běn), 本  (běn)立  (lì)而  (ér)道  (dào)生  (shēng);  孝 ( xiào ) 悌  (tì)也  (yě)者  (zhě), 其  (qí)为  (wéi)仁  (rén)之  (zhī)本  (běn)欤  (yú)。

翻译:
有子说:“那些孝顺(xiàoshùn,filial piety)父母(fùmǔ, parents),友爱 (yǒuài, love, friendly)兄弟(xiōngdi,brother)的人,很少有会冒犯(màofàn,offend)尊长(zūnzhang,senior) 的;不喜欢冒犯尊长而却会作乱的人,也未曾有过。君子致力于立身之根本,根本的东西确立了,行为规则(guīzé, rule,regulation)也就产生了,孝顺父母,友爱兄弟,正是仁(rén, humanity)之根本(gēnběn, root,foundation)。”

English:
The philosopher You said, “he who is filial toward his parents and obedient toward his elder brothers but is fond of opposing his superiors is rare indeed. He who is not fond of opposing his superiors, but is fond to raise a rebellion surely never exists. The gentleman devotes himself to the roots (=fundamentals). When the roots are well planted, the Way will grow. Filial piety and brotherly obedience are surely the roots of humaneness,aren’t they?”

扩展学习Extend study:
实词:
1)有子:孔子的学生,姓有,名若,比孔子小13岁,一说小33岁。后一说较为可信。在《论语》书中,记载的孔子学生,一般都称字,只有曾参和有若称“子”。因此,许多人认为《论语》即由曾参和有若所著述。
(2)孝弟:孝,奴隶社会时期所认为的子女对待父母的正确态度;弟,读音和意义与“悌”(音tì)相同,即弟弟对待兄长的正确态度。孝、弟是孔子和儒家特别提倡的两个基本道德规范。旧注说:善事父母曰孝,善事兄长曰弟。
(3)犯上:犯,冒犯、干犯。上,指在上位的人。
(4)鲜:音xiǎn,少的意思。《论语》书中的“鲜”字,都是如此用法。
(5)作乱: 发动叛乱;暴乱
(6)未之有也:此为“未有之也”的倒装句型。古代汉语的句法有一条规律,否定句的宾语若为代词,一般置于动词之前。
(7)务本:务,专心、致力于。本,根本。
(8)道:在中国古代思想里,道有多种含义。此处的道,指孔子提倡的仁道,即以仁为核心的整个道德思想体系及其在实际生活的体现。简单讲,就是治国做人的基本原则。
(9)为仁之本:仁是孔子哲学思想的最高范畴,又是伦理道德准则。为仁之本,即以孝悌作为仁的根本。还有一种解释,认为古代的“仁”就是“人”字,为仁之本即做人的根本。
虚词:
1. 也  其为人也孝弟   助词,用在句中,表示停顿
2. 与  其为仁之本与!   助词,多用于轻微的疑问,吗

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Carol on the Minor Fairy of the Fate 少司命

Qu Yuan was a Chinese scholar and minister to the King from the southern Chu during the Warring States Period. His works are mostly found in an anthology of poetry known as Chu Ci. His death is traditionally commemorated on the occasion of the Duanwu Festival , which is commonly known in English as the Dragon Boat Festival or Double Fifth

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Lesson 052 Revision of Asking Qestions

Yajie: 大家好. Welcome to Chinese Studio. I’m Yajie.
Cam: 大家好. (dajia hao) wo shi Cam.  It’s time for us to look back at the past week and review what we’ve learned.
Yajie:  Let’s do it.

*************** Sentences in the week.
During this week we learned how to deliver a question in Chinese, both in the positive and the negative form. 她是老师吗?Is she a teacher?  今天你不去公司吗?Won’t you go to the company today? 长城, the Great Wall.烤鸭, Beijing Duck. 京剧, Beijing Opera. All in today’s Chinese Studio.
****************

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Chinese Idiom 一言为重

     古时候秦国有个相国叫商鞅,秦王很器重他。公元前359年,他打算在秦国实行变法,但他怕百 姓们不相信官府,就决定做件事以取得他们的信任。       有一天。他把一根10米长的竿子竖在都城南门外,然后告诉百姓如果谁把这根竹竿拿到城边北门,就赏给他10两银子。开始,大家听到这个消息都很吃惊,但没人敢试。于是商鞅又提高声音说:“谁把这根竹竿拿到北门,赏50两银子。”这时,有一个胆子挺大的人愿意去试一试。当他把竹竿拿到北门时,商鞅立刻赏给他50两银子。其他人看见了,都非常后悔自己没去试。       经过这件事,大家都相信了官府。后来商鞅的变法进行地很成功,秦国因此成为了当时最强大的国家。       后来,人们就用“一言为重”来比喻一个人信守诺言。 相国 Prime minister 器重

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