The Terracotta Warriors near the Tomb of Emperor Qin Shihuang (秦始皇 Qínshǐhuáng, 259BC- 210BC) in Xi’an (西安 Xī’ān) city is regarded as the eighth marvel in the world. With great study values in military, economy and culture of its time, the excavation and exhibition of the grand Terracotta Duplicates has shocked the world and attracted thousands of visitors home and abroad.
Category: Traditional Chinese Festivals
Chinese culture The Culture of Shuanglu 双陆棋的文化
Shuanglu (Backgammon set), an ancient dice game that has been lost. According to records in literary works and cultural relics handed down, as a game like the flying chess, Shuanglu should have been a prevalent game in ancient China. Nowadays, it’s also treated as an important part of game culture in China. 双陆(西洋双陆棋)是古代的一种博弈游戏,现已失传。从文学作品中的记载和传世文物来看,作为一种类似飞行棋的游戏,双陆应当曾在中国古代相当流行过。即使在今天,双陆棋仍是中国棋类文化中非常重要的一部分。 Shuanglu might have been an exotic game integrated into our national culture, thus becoming an ancient game of China. Ever since its introduction to China, it became popular in Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period, and thrived in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, and Song until the Yuan Dynasty. 双陆当是舶来之品,传入日久,才化入民族文化之中,成为中华古游戏。双陆传入中国后,流行于三国曹魏,盛于南北朝、隋、唐以迄宋、元时期。 Records about the game increased in the Tang Dynasty, while in Song, it became more prevalent everywher. During the time, the Shuanglu set was provided in wine and tea shops in the north, so that people could play the game while drinking tea. In the Yuan Dynasty, the game was much loved by men of letters and gifted scholars, for which we could find evidences in the excellent literary works on Shuanglu by the poet Liu Guan, Yuan verse composer Zhou Deqing and playwright Guan Hanqing. 到了唐朝,有关双陆的记载才多起来,及至宋代,双陆在各地更为普及。当时,北方的酒楼茶馆里,往往设有双陆盘,供人们边品茶边玩双陆。在元代,双陆更加为文人及风流才子所喜爱,像诗人柳贯、作曲家周德清、戏剧家关汉卿等人均有咏颂双陆的佳作传世。 Up until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the game was found declining in popularity; however, it was still mentioned in the novels and plays such as the Plum in the Golden Vase, Marriage of the Flowers in the Mirror and A Wrong Kite. Probably it was because of the prevalence of Chinese chess that Shuanglu, the dice game with a proven history of over 2000 years in China, was gradually washed out of time, until it became totally lost. Thats the generous culture of shuanglu. 明清时期,双陆已呈衰势,然而在《金瓶梅》、《镜花缘》、《风筝误》等小说、戏剧中尚有提及。之后大概由于中国象棋的兴起,双陆这种在中国有着2000多年历史的博具,便逐渐退出了历史舞台,直到完全失传。这大致上就是双陆的文化。
中国棋艺 Chupu 樗蒲
Chupu is similar to the flying chess(飞行棋Fēixíng Qí) of today. A set of five dice in black or white are used, with sharp ends and flat middle part resembling squashed almond. The dice are painted black and white respectively on both sides, with a calf drawn on the black side and a pheasant on the white. They can be put in six different combinations for six corresponding prizes. If full blacks or four blacks with one white are got, another throw can be taken, or it can be deemed as a pass, while other combinations shall not count.
The Mongolian Chess 蒙古象棋
The Mongolian chess is quite similar to Xiangqi, or Chinese chess (中国象棋Zhōngguó Xiàngqí ) , but the form, rules and ways to move the chess pieces are more likeinternational chess(国际象棋Guójì Xiàngqí). Called "Shatar" in the Mongolian language, the Mongolian chess is said to have been introduced into the area way back in the period when Genghis Khan(成吉思汗Chéngjísīh án ) went on his western expedition. The chess was revolutionized according to Mongolian practice, and unique ways to move the chess pieces were formed. When the Mongolian people rose to power, they entered farming areas from grasslands. To break up city walls, they learnt to make stone-throwing machines from the Jin (金 Jīn ) people. After that, they also mastered the techniques of making gunpowder cannons, which became the important weapons of Mongolian troops for attacking cities and forts. The cannon, along with other weapons and military tactics, was re-enacted on a chess board, bringing us an intelligent game.
中国棋艺 Liubo 六博
The paraphernalia of the game include a dice, chess pieces, a chess board, chips, a cutting knife, a scraping knife and a case. A chess piece, or "chess" for short, is also known as "ma" or "horse". There are a total of 12 chess pieces – 6 black ones and 6 white (or red) ones, with each color representing one side. The chess board, otherwise known as "wooden board" or "qudao", is usually a near square wooden board with grooves of different rectangular shapes and round dots carved in intaglio on the white or black surface. The grooves are either painted with red lacquer or embedded with ivory. The chips are made of thin bamboo slips. There are two types of chips – long ones and short ones. The chips, varied in number from game to game, are used to keep track of the winning and losing condition of the players. The cutting knife and scraping knife are used to make the numbering chips. The case is for holding the chess tools inside.
Kongming Lock 孔明锁
Kongming lock(孔明锁Kǒngmíngsuǒ) is a traditional Chinese intellectual toy. It is said that the toy was invented by Zhuge Kongming(诸葛孔明Zhūgé Kǒngmíng) some
Styles of Ancient Chinese Architecture 中国近代建筑
1. Four Basic Styles of Ancient Chinese Architecture Chinese architectures can be divided into many types and styles but generally falls into four basic ones.
Chinese Paintings 中国画
Chinese painting has a long historical standing as early as 2000 years ago in the Warring States Period (475BC- 221BC)
Sedan Chairs of China 轿子
A sedan chair(轿子jiàozi) is a human or animal-powered transport vehicle for carrying a person, once popular across the China. It has different names like “shoulder carriage”, “sleeping sedan” and “warm sedan” etc due to the time, location and structural(structural means relating to or affecting the structure of something) differences. The sedans familiar to modern people are warm sedans that have been in use since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The sedan body is fixed in the wooden rectangular frames on the two thin log poles. The top and four sides of the seat are enclosed with curtains, with a chair blind that could be rolled open in the front and a small window on each side. A chair is placed inside the enclosed space.
About Boat Tracker 纤夫
Boat trackers(纤夫qiànfū) refer to those who track or row the boat for others and take it as a profession(a profession is a type of job that requires advanced education or training). When the carrying of a whole set of things such as coal, lumbers, agricultural and sideline products as well as daily commodities greatly relied on water transportation, boat trackers played a key role at that particular time.