Tag: teacher

Lunyu 论语 “The Analects of Confucius”

The Lunyu 论语 (pronounced Lúnyǔ!), commonly translated as "The Confucian Analects", is a collection of sayings by Confucius 孔子 and dialogs with his disciples. It is the authoritative source for the philosophical theories of Confucius, although of lot of his sayings are also to be found in other books compiled during the Warring States 战国 (5th. cent-221 BCE) and the Former Han 前汉 (206 BC- 8 AD) periods. The time of the compilation of the Lunyu can be found out in the following way: For some persons mentioned in the Lunyu which died after Confucius, the posthumous title is used, like that of Duke Ai of Lu 鲁哀公 (r. 494-467), or the nobleman Ji Kangzi 季康子. There are also some sayings included in theLunyu that are attributed to Confucius' disciple Zeng Shen 曾参, who died half a century after Confucius. The compilation must thus have been taken place in the early 4th century. The Lunyu was only elevated to the status of a Confucian Classic during the Song period 宋 (960-1279) when it was made part of the canon of the Sishu 四书 "Four Books".

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Liezi 列子 “Master Lie”

The Liezi 列子 "Master Lie" is a Daoist book attributed to Lie Yukou 列御寇 (also written 列圄寇 or 列圉寇, also called Lie Zhoukou 列周寇) from the Warring States period 战国 (5th cent.-221 BCE). He is said to have been from the state of Zheng郑. His thoughts are very similar to that in the book Zhuangzi 庄子, which often mentiones him. He is said to have been able to ride the wind (yu feng er xing 御风而行) in perfect non-action (wuwei 无为)．　His first teacher was a certain Huqiuzi 壶丘子, later Bogaozi 伯高子. For Liezi the bad kings of antiquity had lost their realms because they dispised the true way and only esteemed richness and their own profit (zhong li, shi yi wang 重利，是以亡). During the Tang period 唐 (618-907), in 742, Liezi was elevated to a Daoist saint and was given the honorific title of Chongxu zhenren 冲虚真人 "Perfect Man of Serene Tranquillity". During the Song period 宋 (960-1279), in 1007, he was even further elevated to one of the four great Daoist Masters (the others being Zhuangzi, Wenzi 文子 and Kangcangzi 亢仓子) and bestowed the title of Chongxu zhide zhenren 冲虚至德真人 "Perfect Man of Serene Tranquillity and Highest Virtue".

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Guwen guanzhi 古文观止 “Perfected Admiration of Ancient Literature”

The Guwen guanzhi 古文观止 "Perfected admiration of ancient literature" is a collection of literary high-standing works from the Spring and Autumn period 春秋 (770-5th cent. BCE) to the late Ming period 明 (1368-1644). It was compiled by the Qing period 清 (1644-1911) scholars Wu Chucai 吴楚材 and Wu Diaohou 吴调侯 and then revised by their teacher Wu Xingzuo 吴兴祚. The Guwen guanzhi was printed in 1695. It contains 222 short prose writings in 12 juan "scrolls". The texts were intentionally selected to serve as model texts for education, and the Guwen guanzhi was thought as a kind of text book. Wu Chucai has also compiled a textbook to the philosopher Zhu Xi's 朱熹 famous historical critique Tongjian gangmu 通鉴纲目, the Gangjian yizhi lu 纲鉴易知录.

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Huazhong University of Science and Technology 华中科技大学

****************************************************** Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) （华中科技大学：Huázhōnɡ Kējì Dàxué）is located in Wuhan（武汉：Wǔhàn）, the capital city of Hubei Province, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River（扬子江：Yánɡzǐjiānɡ）. The campus of HUST is beautifully nestled at the foot of Yujia hill and beside the East Lake with green grass scattered all round in 500 hectares of land. It is a key comprehensive university under the direct leadership of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China. The current Minister of Education Prof Zhou Ji, who graduated from this University, is the former president of the University.

The University ranks at the top of China's leading universities in comprehensive strength. It has 36 academic schools and departments covering eleven disciplines: philosophy, economics, law, education, literature, history, agriculture, science, engineering, medicine and management. The University offers a variety of programs, including 75 undergraduate programs, 200 Master programs, 139 doctoral programs and 22 post-doctoral research centers. It has 15 national key disciplines. A number of other leading research centers are located here; 4 National Engineering Research Centers, 4 National Leading Laboratories, 2 National Specialized Laboratories. The University has more than 13, 000 faculty members, of whom over 4, 000 are full time teachers, 16 are academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & the Chinese Academy of Engineering, over 900 are professors. The number of resident students is over 50, 000, of whom more than 17, 000 are graduate students.

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Pre-school Education学前教育

Pre-school education（学前教育xuéqián jiàoyù） is an important component（组件zǔjiàn） of education cause in China. In urban（城市的chéngshì de） areas, pre-school education is mainly kindergartens of 1 to 3 years, which could be full time, part-time, boarding or hour-reckoned. In rural（农村的nóngcūn de） areas, pre-school education is mainly nursery（托儿所tuóérsuǒ） classes and seasonal kindergartens in addition. In the aging, minority, remote and poor areas, besides the normal preschool education, there are irregular education with various forms such as children activity centers, game groups, mobile aid centers, and mobile service called "caravan"（大篷车dà péngchē）.

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