Category: Chinese Literature

三十六计 Thirty-Six Stratagems: 明修栈道,暗度陈仓 Openly repair the gallery roads, but sneak through the passage

  The phrase originated from the  Chu-Han contention (楚汉之争 ChǔHànzhīzhēng), wher  Liu Bang (刘邦 Liú Bāng) retreated to the lands of Sichuan to prepare for a confrontation with  Xiang Yu (项羽 Xiàng Yǔ). once he was fully prepared, Liu Bang sent men to openly repair the  gallery roads (栈道 zhàndào) he had destroyed earlier, while secretly moving his troops towards Guanzhong through the small town of  Chencang (陈仓 Chéncāng) instead. When Xiang Yu received news of Liu Bang repairing the gallery roads, he dismissed the threat since he knew the repairs would take years to complete. This allowed Liu Bang to retake  Guanzhong (关中 Guānzhōng) by surprise, and eventually led to his victory over Xiang Yu and the birth of the Han Dynasty.

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三十六计 Thirty-Six Stratagems: 李代桃僵 Sacrifice the plum tree to preserve the peach tree

Chapter 2: Enemy Dealing Stratagems 敌战计  Sun Bin helped  Tian Ji (田忌 ) to win a  horse race (赛马 ) by putting his best horse in the second race, rather than against other best horses in the first race. The principle also worked in the third and other races. In battle, Sun Bin put his worst troops against Pang Juan’s best, his medium troops against the enemy’s medium troops and his best troops against the worst of the other side. His best troops quickly  wiped out (消灭 xiāomiè) Pang Juan’s worst troops and then joined his medium troops to destroy the opposing medium troops. All Sun Bin’s forces then combined to  overwhelm (攻破 gōngpò) Pang Juan’s best troops.

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三十六计 Thirty-Six Stratagems: 隔岸观火 Watch the fires burning across the river

  In wrangles between Chinese states, two Yuan brothers went to  Gongsun Kang (公孙康 Gōngsūn Kāng) for help in fighting a third brother who had  allied (联合 liánhé) with the powerful Cao Cao (who knew about this move). Kang  beheaded (斩首 zhánshǒu) them and sent their heads to Cao Cao who made him a duke as a reward. Both had used conflict within the Yuan family to further their ends.

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三十六计 Thirty-Six Stratagems: 笑里藏刀 Hide a knife behind a smile

  Li Yufu (李义府 Lǐ Yìfǔ) was a  scheming (狡诈的 jiǎozhàde) Tang minister who had a way with people. He seemed kind and friendly, but woe betide anyone who crossed him. He cultivated good terms with the Emperor who ignored complaints about him for a long time, but eventually banished him to a frontier post. Many years later, a poet wrote of Li Yufu, wher ‘a dagger hides behind the smiles’.

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