It was early in the Han Dynasty that filling dental caries with amalgam was invented by Zhang Zhongjing(张仲景Zhāng Zhòngjǐng), a famous doctor at that time. Professional doctors engaged in denture articulation(the aspect of pronunciation that involves bringing articulatory organs together so as to shape the sounds of speech) appeared in the Song Dynasty. Many materials were used to make artificial teeth in ancient times, including ivory, cattle bone and solid sandalwood(檀香tánxiāng).
Tag: Pronunciation
Mandarin Vocabulary
Mandarin does not have specific words for saying “yes” and “no.” Instead, the verb which is used in the Mandarin question is used to make a positive or negative reply.
Chinese Pandas
Panda (熊猫 xióng māo) is one of the scarcest animals. People in the world like it very much. there used to be many pandas in China long ago. As the balance of nature was destroyed and the weather was getting warmer and warmer, pandas became less. But at present, the number of pandas is increasing year by year. there are now so many pandas that some are being sent to other countries so that people there can enjoy them.
Mama Huhu, Saying “So-so; Mediocre” in Mandarin Chinese
The rules of etiquette in Chinese culture state that compliments must be rejected.From a simple greeting to forming complex sentences, learning the Chinese character for “you” is integral to conversing in Chinese.
Historical Hair Ornaments and Their Social Connotations历史上的发饰及其社会内涵
Hairpins（发簪fàzān） and hair clasps were everyday embellishments(装饰品zhuāngshìpǐn) in old China. During the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911), women's hair ornaments expressed traditional Chinese thought and culture in exquisite, sophisticated techniques.
Winter Solstice Festival
Origin of the Festival
The Winter Solstice Festival, which comes on December 22nd or December 23rd, is also called "Winter Festival". According to the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, one year can be divided into 24 solar terms, and the Winter Solstice is one. Since China is located in the Northern Hemisphere and the sun shines directly on Tropic of Capricorn on that day, the day of the Northern Hemisphere is the shortest all the year around on this day. Then the sun moves towards the Tropic of Cancer gradually after, the daytime of China being longer and longer. Therefore, the Winter Solstice is one of the most important solar terms. After this festival, the "yang" (a term of the principle in nature) will start slowly picked up.
Chinese Pandas——Introduction
Two researches done in 1970s and 1980s showed that there were some 1000 wild pandas in about 37 counties of China, in a habitat of around 13,000 square kilometers. Another survey by the State Bureau of Forestry of China in 2006 got a result that the amount of wild pandas in China increased to 1596, with 161 being reared in pens. As the rarest breed of ursidae, giant pandas have been listed as one of the endangered animals in the world.
With the scientific name "猫熊(mao xiong)" in Chinese, giant pandas are commonly called "熊猫(xiong mao)" in mainland China as a matter of fact, which is a reversed pronunciation of their scientific name. So why the "inaccurate" name "熊猫"? The reason for that can be traced back to the first half of 1900s when reading from right to left was still the customary way in China: On one occasion, the former Chongqing Beibei Museum exhibited some specimens of giant panda with the name "猫熊" which should be read from left to right, but journalists used the name in a reversed way according to the reading way at that time, hence, "熊猫" was widely known to the public and passed down to this day.
With particularly favorable natural conditions, Chengdu of Sichuan Province has been being home of pandas. Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, which is equipped with world-class facilities for pandas, is so far the biggest and most renowned panda base with most pandas among all the zoos and parks China as well as the most popular choice for tourists to visit pandas in the world.
Shuowen jiezi 说文解字Explaining Simple and Analyzing Compound Characters
The Shuowen jiezi 说文解字 "Explaining simple and analyzing compound characters", short Shuowen 说文, is the oldest and one of the most important character dictionaries of ancient China. It was compiled by the Later Han period 后汉 (25-220 CE) scholar Xu Shen 许慎. The book was finished in 100 CE but was only submitted to the court in 121 by the author's son, Xu Chong 许冲. The characters are arranged in 540 so-called radicals (bushou 部首) in 14 chapters, and one chapter including a list of the radicals and Xu Shen’s own postface (xu 叙).
Qieyun 切韵 “Cut Rhymes”
The Qieyun 切韵 "Cut rhymes" is the oldest surviving dictionary arranging characters according to pronunciation. It was written by Lu Fayan 陆法言 during theSui period 隋 (581-618).
Qiequn zhizhang tu 切韵指掌图 “Finger-and-Palm Charts to the Cut Rhymes System”
The Qiequn zhizhang tu 切韵指掌图 "Finger-and-palm charts to the cut rhymes system" is a rhyme table from the Song period 宋 (960-1279) originally attributed to Sima Guang 司马光 because he had written the preface. A small chapter on the rules of the composition (Jianli 检例) was written by the Yuan period 元 (1279-1368) scholar Shao Guangzu 邵光祖.
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